In the 4 decades since the American Psychiatric Association removed homosexuality from the list of mental disorders, there has been a gradual shift from antigay sentiment among the majority of mental health clinicians to a more tolerant and then affirming approach to treatment with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) individuals (Johnson, 2012;O'Shaughnessy & Spokane, 2013). Alongside this evolution in treatment perspective, there has been a growing emphasis on the importance of utilizing evidence-based practices in clinical work (APA Presidential Task Force on Evidence-Based Practice, 2006). Despite these shifts, there is still limited literature regarding what constitutes effective psychotherapy with LGBQ clients. This article presents the results of a mixed-methods systematic synthesis of 49 empirical studies published between 2000 and 2015 on effective therapeutic interventions with LGBQ clients. We synthesize this growing literature base to provide insight into the status of the field and guidance for clinical application and future research directions.
Public Significance StatementThis review synthesizes the findings of the 49 empirical studies published from 2000 to 2015 that evaluated some aspect of lesbian, gay, bisexual, or queer (LGBQ) affirmative therapy. We found that although there are promising results regarding the effectiveness of LGBQ affirmative therapy, the majority of studies have focused on gay men, with little research evaluating effective therapy with lesbian and bisexual individuals.