“…The Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge [13] is the first challenge to ever be proposed for Federated Learning (FL) and intends to address the hurdles posed by data privacy and regulatory concerns by leveraging FL [14][15][16][17][18]. Specifically, the FeTS 2021 challenge uses clinically acquired, multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) scans from the multi-institutional BraTS 2020 dataset [3][4][5]19,20], as well as data from various remote independent institutions included in the collaborative network of a real-world federation 2 .…”