Features and evolution of international crude oil trade relationships: A trading-based network analysis

Small and flat worlds: A complex network analysis of international trade in crude oil

“…Others have shown the opposite, that is, trade is more spatially diffused [20]. In the oil trade, there appears to be support for increased global connectivity [21]. This paper contributes to the literature by integrating both small and flat world approaches through complex network analysis and GIS geovisualization.…”

Evolution of the exergy flow network embodied in the global fossil energy trade: Based on complex network

“…Other scholars studied the free-scale of international trade networks [19,20]. A lot of researchers focused on the fossil fuels about their price or trade market [21][22][23]. Researchers usually studied the market or consumption of single fossil fuel in local area [24,25].…”

The evolutionary stability of shareholders’ co-holding behavior for China’s listed energy companies based on associated maximal connected sub-graphs of derivative holding-based networks

“…Most scholars primarily researched the topological structure and topological features, the correlation, and the dynamic evolution and the power-law distribution of different empirical complex networks in the stock market. In energy research, complex networks have been used to analyze the global energy trade [15][16][17][18], energy consumption [19], energy flow [20,21], energy transfer [22], energy companies' connection [23], etc. However, few scholars have studied the listed energy companies, especially the relationships of the listed energy companies and their shareholders.…”