Feasibility of RF Sputtering and PIIID for production of thin films from red mud

Abstract

During the extraction of aluminum from bauxite, a waste of oxides containing traces of heavy metals in a highly alkaline matrix, called Red Mud (RM), is produced. In this study RM is characterized and the feasibility of using it as a precursor for the production of thin films by Plasma Sputtering and by Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation and Deposition (PIIID) is demonstrated. The chemical structure and composition, surface morphology, topography, and wettability of the films prepared using such methodologies were investigated. The films consist mainly of the elements aluminum, silicon, iron and carbon. Infrared spectroscopic analyses reveal the presence of C=O, C-H 2 , Fe(OH), Al-O and Si-C functionalities. RF Sputtering produced films with smoother surfaces, whereas PIIID produced granular surface structures. Surface contact angle measurements showed that despite the presence of oxides and hydroxides, the films are hydrophobic, thus exhibiting an interesting link between the physical and thermodynamical properties.

Avaliação da concentração de radionuclídeos de origem natural (NORM) e elementos de terras raras presentes na lama vermelha, proveniente dos estados do Pará e de São Paulo, Brasil

“…No Brasil exsitem já varias trabalhos sobre as aplicaçoes do resíduo da lama vermelha tais como: Adsorventes para tratamento de agua e gases, produçao de filmes finos, materiais de construçao com tijolo, cimento e concreto, aplicaçoes catalizadoras (suporte ou catalizador), recuperaçao de metais (Fe, Al, Ti, Ga, V, Sc), pigmentos e tintas, correção de solos entre outras (CONCEIÇÃO et al, 2021;LOPES et al, 2020;BOTELHO JUNIOR et al, 2020, 2019SILVA et al, 2019;PICHINELLI et al, 2017;MORENO et al, 2016;ANTUNES, et al, 2014;SOTTOVIA et al, 2014;CUCCIA et al, 2011).…”

Use of Industrial Waste to Produce Ceramic Coatings on Metal

“…Both red mud and WFS have applications in civil construction (Evans, 2016, Gurumoorthy andArunachalam, 2019) and as adsorbents and catalysts (Evans, 2016, Basal et al 2019. They also have potential for use as coatings on metal surfaces (Antunes et al 2014, Lokesh et al 2018. The coating of metallic surfaces with layers of ceramic material is a simple way to extend the useful lifetimes of products, protecting them against environmental factors that lead to corrosion and wear (Callister, 2007).…”