Fears of compassion scales in psychosis: confirmatory factor analysis and psychometric properties

Carvalho, Diana Paula de Souza Rêgo Pinto; Marques, C.; Pinto, Ana Margarida; Martins, Maria João; Leal, Inês; Castilho, Paula

doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01979-y

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In those struggling with schizotypy the social monitoring system may play a pivotal role in hyperactivating threatening beliefs about self and others [ 27 ]. This is consistent with several studies showing how self-criticism and blocks in receiving compassion from oneself and others are recurrent processes among several forms of psychopathology and, specifically, in those related to schizotypal features [ 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 92%

A pilot randomized controlled trial comparing a novel compassion and metacognition approach for schizotypal personality disorder with a combination of cognitive therapy and psychopharmacological treatment

Cheli

Cavalletti²,

Lysaker

et al. 2023

BMC Psychiatry

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Background Schizotypal personality disorder is characterized by a pervasive pattern of maladaptive behavior that has been associated with the liability for schizophrenia. Little is known about effective psychosocial interventions. This pilot non-inferiority randomized controlled trial aimed to compare a novel form of psychotherapy tailored for this disorder and a combination of cognitive therapy and psychopharmacological treatment. The former treatment – namely, Evolutionary Systems Therapy for Schizotypy—integrated evolutionary, metacognitively oriented, and compassion focused approaches. Methods Thirty-three participants were assessed for eligibility, twenty-four randomized on a 1:1 ratio, nineteen included in the final analysis. The treatments lasted 6 months (24 sessions). The primary outcome was change across nine measurements in personality pathology, the secondary outcomes were remission from diagnosis and pre-post changes in general symptomatology and metacognition. Results Primary outcome suggested a non-inferiority of the experimental treatment in respect to control condition. Secondary outcomes reported mixed results. There was no significant difference in terms of remission, but experimental treatment showed a larger reduction of general symptomatology (η2 = 0.558) and a larger increase in metacognition (η2 = 0.734). Conclusions This pilot study reported promising results about the effectiveness of the proposed novel approach. A confirmatory trial on large sample size is needed to provide evidence about relative effectiveness of the two treatment conditions. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT04764708; Registration day 21/02/2021.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 92%

A pilot randomized controlled trial comparing a novel compassion and metacognition approach for schizotypal personality disorder with a combination of cognitive therapy and psychopharmacological treatment

Cheli

Cavalletti²,

Lysaker

et al. 2023

BMC Psychiatry

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“…This provides a clear rationale for why targeting fears of compassion is an important and integral part of CFT. The psychometric testing of these scales has already confirmed good reliability and validity in a sample (n = 196) of people with psychosis (Carvalho et al, 2021), so this may be a useful tool for future research into understanding the common blocks and barriers when training compassion in this group.…”

Section: Evidence For Compassionate Mind Training (Cmt) and Addressin...mentioning

confidence: 93%

Position paper – CFT for psychosis

Heriot‐Maitland

2023

Psychol Psychother

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PurposeThis paper outlines the theoretical and empirical basis for compassion focused therapy (CFT) for psychosis, the gaps in the current knowledge and research, as well as some of the challenges for addressing gaps. It will guide the direction of future work and the steps needed to develop and advance this approach.MethodThis paper reviews evidence of how evolutionary models such as social rank theory and attachment theory have greatly contributed to our understanding of psychosis and provide a clear rationale and evidence base for the mechanisms of change in CFT for psychosis. It reviews the evidence for outcomes of compassion training more generally, and early feasibility evaluations of CFT for psychosis.ResultsThe process evidence shows that people with psychosis have highly active social rank and threat systems, and the benefits of switching into attachment and care systems, which can support emotion regulation and integrative mind states. The outcomes evidence shows that compassion training impacts not only psychological outcomes, but also physiological outcomes such as neural circuits, immune system, and the autonomic nervous system. Within the psychosis field, outcomes research is still in the early days, but there are good indications of feasibility and a clear path forward for the next steps.ConclusionsCFT for psychosis is an approach that integrates biopsychosocial processes, an integration that's evidenced across each aspect of the model, from theoretical foundations (evolution‐informed) to interventions (e.g., body/breath training and relational techniques), to evaluation. Future RCTs are required to understand the effects on biopsychosocial outcomes for people with psychosis.

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