Fe/N/C hollow nanospheres by Fe(<scp>iii</scp>)-dopamine complexation-assisted one-pot doping as nonprecious-metal electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction

Zhou, Dan; Yang, Liping; Yu, Linghui; Kong, Junhua; Yao, Xiayin; Liu, Wanshuang; Xu, Zhichuan J.; Lu, Xuehong

doi:10.1039/c4nr06366j

Cited by 244 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(150 reference statements)

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“…It has been reported in the literature that the presence of pyridinic 42,[54][55][56][57] and/or quaternary nitrogen 58,59 surface groups enhances the ORR activity of carbon electrodes. Based on XPS and ORR results, however, GH710 displays poor ORR kinetics even though it displays a higher surface density of pyridinic sites than GH900.…”

Section: 46mentioning

confidence: 99%

Template-free ultraspray pyrolysis synthesis of N/Fe-doped carbon microspheres for oxygen reduction electrocatalysis

et al. 2015

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Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis was used in a continuous flow apparatus for the template-free synthesis of ironand nitrogen-doped porous carbon materials. Solutions of glucose, histidine and Fe(CH 3 COO) 2 were nebulized and pyrolyzed yielding carbon microspheres. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Focused Ion Beam (FIB) milling revealed that microspheres initially possess empty cores and a smooth shell. Further annealing leads to a collapse of this shell, and formation of porous microspheres with high roughness and iron-rich aggregates. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were used to investigate bulk and surface chemistry: microspheres were found to undergo graphitization; Fe and Fe 3 C particles form and become encapsulated within the carbon phase, while the nitrogen present in the precursor solution results in the formation of pyridinic/pyrrolic N-centers. The microspheres were tested as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in acidic solution. Polarization curves using a Rotating Disk Electrode (RDE) yielded electrocatalytic behavior, and the number of exchanged electrons n ¼ 3.7 AE 0.2 calculated from Koutecky-Levich plots suggests that direct formation of H 2 O is the preferred ORR mechanism.These results indicate that this synthetic approach offers a simple and scalable strategy for the preparation of electrode materials for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells.

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Section: 46mentioning

confidence: 99%

Template-free ultraspray pyrolysis synthesis of N/Fe-doped carbon microspheres for oxygen reduction electrocatalysis

et al. 2015

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“…However, based on the DFT 430 calculation model in Figure 8b, the adsorption energy of the AuCu 3 431 alloy with oxygen (−1.04 eV) is very close to that of Pt (−1.06 eV). 432 In other words, the balance of oxygen adsorption and intermediate 433 12,150-152 As a result, it is generally required 498 to conduct the step of heat treatment during synthesis of transition 499 metal macrocycle based electrocatalysts to achieve optimized ORR 500 performance, from which some alternative ways to form metal-N x 501 composites were derived and developed (voyez-infra). Not the en-502 tire organic framework can survive after treatment under such harsh 503 conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Review—Recent Progress in Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Suitable for Alkaline Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Cairns

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

133

105

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A u t h o r P r o o f PROOF COPY [JES-15-2629] 0551514JESJournal of The Electrochemical Society, 162 (14) F1-F36 (2015) F1 0013-4651/2015/162(14)/F1/36/$33.00 © The Electrochemical Society Alkaline fuel cell technology has been reinvigorated since the recent rapid development and deployment of anion exchange membranes. Without the "acid-stability" requirement in low pH environments such as that of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, a much wider range of materials including noble metals, non-noble transition metals, and even metal-free electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media have been developed due to both thermodynamic and kinetic reasons. As compared to the rapidly increasing number of reports on the development of novel catalyst materials, the understanding of the reaction mechanisms of the various ORR electrocatalysts is quite insufficient, and the application and investigation in real alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AAEMFCs) is even scarcer. By reviewing the compositions, preparation methods, physiochemical properties and ORR performance of different categories of cathodic electrocatalysts that have emerged in the past few years, some common and intrinsic properties and factors that account for the superior activity of these materials may be extracted and summarized, which may further help to identify the reasons for the kinetic facility of the ORR in alkaline media. Some practical issues of utilization of the promising novel replacement materials for the state-of-the-art Pt-based cathodic electrocatalysts in AAEMFCs are pointed out. In addition to the progress on the development of novel materials with outstanding ORR activity, many and varied compositions and morphologies in one, two and three dimensions, scalable preparation technologies, low cost, and other unique properties, some feedback on the performance and especially the problems of their use as cathodes in AAEMFCs is urgently needed. Such feedback should provide guidelines for the design and manufacture of next-generation electrocatalysts and accelerate the application of AAEMFCs. Review-Recent Progress in Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Suitable for Alkaline Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells 26Although the alkaline fuel cell (AFC) was the first to be put into 27 practical use in the history of fuel cells, it has been largely ignored by in alkaline media is similar to that in the acidic environment. In-63 * Electrochemical Society Active Member. z E-mail: qghe@zju.edu.cn stead of H 2 O 2 and H 2 O formation when protons are abundant, the 64 ORR in alkaline media generates peroxide anion in the series path-65 way and hydroxide anion as the final product. However, the ORR 66 is generally more facile in alkaline media for both thermodynamic 67 and kinetic reasons. 12,[16][17][18] It has been commonly concluded that the 68 rate-controlling-step is the first electron transfer to the adsorbed O 2,ad 69 (inner sphere reaction) or formation of the superoxide radical anion 70 O 2•− (outer sphere r...

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“…The current decay on Pt/C and WN NPs/N-C might be due to the dissociation and migration of Pt nanoparticles and aggregation of WN NPs during ORR. 8 In the composite, an intimate contact can effectively avoid volume changes between N-C and WN nanosheets, thereby preventing the detachment of WN from the conductive carbon matrix during extended operation.…”

Section: Electrochemical Characterization Of the Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20,21 The nitrogen-doped carbon black (N-C) incorporates nitrogen atoms into adjacent carbon atoms and creates positive charge in favor of electron transfer and oxygen adsorption during ORR. 8,22 Although much progresses on ORR activity of N-C have been achieved, there are still some challenges about how to explore hybrid electrocatalysts with the improved ORR performance by introducing other component with homogeneous distribution and upgraded catalytic activity.…”

Section: -13mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 The sluggish kinetics requires large quantities of Pt-based catalysts, and the methanol crossover effect of the ORR catalyst at the cathode are major concerns in largescale application of DMFC. 7,8 Many reported research items have veried that Ptbased electrocatalysts are susceptible to CO and poisoning because of methanol crossover and Pt dissolution/agglomeration. 9,10 Numerous studies have been reported about the design of carbon materials employed as supporting materials and methanol tolerant Pt electrocatalysts, such as Pt sandwiched by nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes and a nitrogen doped carbon layer or Pt embedded into the nitrogen doped carbon layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficient synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon with flower-like tungsten nitride nanosheets for improving the oxygen reduction reactions

et al. 2017

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A novel three-dimensional (3D) electrocatalyst composite was successfully prepared through a facile hydrothermal method, consisting of tungsten nitride nanosheets with flower-like morphology (WN FNs) and nitrogen-doped carbon black (N-C). Highly crystalline WN FNs were observed to be uniformly distributed in N-C, and remarkably promoted the catalytic activities toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of the N-C. Moreover, the electrochemical results proved that, WN FNs/N-C composite shows a significantly higher ORR activity with a 4-electron transfer pathway and limiting current density of 5.8 mA cm À2 in alkaline solutions. The stability test of the nanocomposite showed less degradation after 5 h and its methanol tolerance also was enhanced compared with Pt/C. The improved performance of the WN FNs/N-C composite can be attributed to its unique configuration and the increased exposure of active sites, which suggests that it could serve as an ideal candidate for developing high performance ORR catalysts.

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Fe/N/C hollow nanospheres by Fe(iii)-dopamine complexation-assisted one-pot doping as nonprecious-metal electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction

Cited by 244 publications

References 59 publications

Template-free ultraspray pyrolysis synthesis of N/Fe-doped carbon microspheres for oxygen reduction electrocatalysis

Template-free ultraspray pyrolysis synthesis of N/Fe-doped carbon microspheres for oxygen reduction electrocatalysis

Review—Recent Progress in Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Suitable for Alkaline Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Efficient synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon with flower-like tungsten nitride nanosheets for improving the oxygen reduction reactions

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