Fauna invertebrada e atributos físicos e químicos do solo em sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária

Abstract

Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária (ILP) nos principais grupos da macrofauna invertebrada do solo e a relação destes organismos com os atributos físicos e químicos do solo. Foram comparados: sistema de manejo convencional, sistema integração lavoura-pecuária, sistema plantio direto, pastagem cultivada continuamente e fragmentos naturais de Cerrado e de floresta semidecídua. O experimento foi conduzido em Dourados, MS, em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico típico, disposto em faixas. A maior densidade, riqueza e diversidade das famílias foi observada no sistema de ILP, em plantio direto, e no sistema em pastagem cultivada continuamente. O sistema convencional promoveu maior redução na comunidade dos organismos invertebrados do solo. O sistema de ILP favorece a manutenção da diversidade da fauna invertebrada, a formação dos agregados estáveis e a fertilidade do solo. A família Sthaphylinidae é um potencial bioindicador de qualidade do solo, principalmente na floresta semidecídua e no sistema de ILP.Termos para indexação: agroecossistemas, bioindicador, Staphilinidae, rotação de culturas. Invertebrate fauna and physical and chemical attributes of soil under integrated crop-livestock systemsAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of integrated crop-livestock (ICL) systems on the main groups of soil invertebrate macrofauna and the relationship of these organisms with soil physical and chemical attributes. The conventional system, integrated crop-livestock system, no-tillage system, continuously cultivated pasture, and natural fragments of Cerrado and of semi-deciduous forest were compared. The experiment was carried out in Dourados, MS, Brazil, on a Typic Hapludox soil, divided into strips. The highest density, richness, and diversity of families were found in the ICL system, under no-tillage, and in the continuously cultivated pasture. The conventional system caused greater reduction of the soil invertebrate community. The ICL system favors the maintenance of the invertebrate fauna diversity, the formation of stable aggregates, and soil fertility. The Sthaphylinidae family is a potential soil quality bioindicator, especially in the semi-deciduous forest and in the ICL system.

Morphological Diversity of Coleoptera (Arthropoda: Insecta) in Agriculture and Forest Systems

“…As groups of soil Coleoptera affect the ecosystem functionality in many ways, these insects can respond immediately to ongoing changes in the habitat and thus indicate environmental conditions on and in the soil, as well as soil balance or disturbance levels, mainly related to management practices in agriculture and forest areas (Portilho et al, 2011;Gibb et al, 2017).…”

Abundance and Diversity of Soil Macrofauna in Native Forest, Eucalyptus Plantations, Perennial Pasture, Integrated Crop-Livestock, and No-Tillage Cropping

“…The orders Isopoda, Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Araneae, Amphipoda, Mollusca, Formicidae, Coleoptera, Opiliones, Hemiptera, Isoptera, Dermaptera, and Oligochaeta were most abundant in NF and PP, indicating a lower level of disturbance in these areas. Several studies have demonstrated the negative effect on the structure of soil communities caused by intensification of land use (Portilho et al, 2011;Baretta et al, 2014). In a mesocosm experiment, Collison et al (2013) showed that monocrops affect the macrofaunal groups, leading to lower decomposition rates of crop residues than in polyculture cropping.…”

Collembola Community Structure as a Tool to Assess Land Use Effects on Soil Quality

“…Changes in the density and community structure of springtails can have long-term consequences in provision of ecosystem services and show differences between soil uses systems, indicating which system is more conservationist. In addition, there are few studies that report on springtails in integrated crop-livestock systems (Portilho et al, 2011;Bartz et al, 2014a). Moreover, there are no reports of studies exclusively comparing the NT and ICL systems.…”