Fault-Tolerant Routing Mechanism in 3D Optical Network-on-Chip Based on Node Reuse

Guo, Pengxing; Hou, Weigang; Sun, Wei; Liu, Chuang; Bao, Hainan; Duong, Luan H. K.; Liu, Weichen

doi:10.1109/tpds.2019.2939240

Cited by 52 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…T O achieve exascale computing, powerful data centers may need to adopt unconventional inter-chip and intrachip communication methods [1], [2]. Most current mature solutions use on-chip electrical networks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bi-Directional Benes With Large Port-Counts and Low Waveguide Crossings for Optical Network-on-Chip

2021

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We propose a new variant of the Benes network using a merge-replace-fold approach. It is to realize a large port-count optical switch with low waveguide crossings. A bidirectional switch is built instead of a unidirectional switch. Compared to the classical Benes, it requires the same number of switches but far fewer intersections. The novel designs enable a 24-percentage reduction in waveguide intersections. Moreover, it has a worst-case insertion loss of 12.01 dB and a comparable crosstalk level of -13.67 dB between the neighbouring paths. Thus, it is suitable for use in high-speed optical networks-on-chip.INDEX TERMS Optical interconnections, Optical NoC, Silicon photonics, Optical resonators, Optical switches.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bi-Directional Benes With Large Port-Counts and Low Waveguide Crossings for Optical Network-on-Chip

2021

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“…Many solutions have been proposed for this router, such as microring vertical couplers, 21 − 23 vertical coupling waveguides, 24 , 25 and through-silicon photonic vias. 26 However, strict requirements for the vertical coupling distance and fabrication difficulties limit the applicability of these solutions. Recently developed chemical synthesis techniques have enabled the production of high-quality glass microspheres with controlled sizes, shapes, compositions, and other unique properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Assembling of Glass Microspheres and Bonding Force Analysis by the Ultraviolet–Near-Infrared Dual-Beam Optical Tweezer System

2021

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Microresonators show great potential as interlayer routing solutions for multilayered three-dimensional (3D) photonic communication networks. New techniques are needed for the convenient and in situ manipulation and immobilization of glass microspheres into functional structures. Herein, near-infrared (NIR) and ultraviolet (UV) lasers were used as optical tweezers to precisely arrange silica microspheres and UV-initiated immobilization in a 3D space. The NIR laser was used to trap targeted microspheres, and the UV laser was focused to immobilize the trapped microspheres in 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MOPS) in ∼6 s. Optical force spectroscopy was performed using the optical tweezers to measure individual bond strength. Next, functional triangular pedestals were designed to flexibly control the gap space for vertical router applications in 3D photonic networks. Thus, the designed UV–NIR dual-beam optical tweezer system can be used to assemble arbitrary functional 3D structures, making it a valuable tool for microfabrication, photonics, and optical communication applications.

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“…Since the system in critical mission applications must operate correctly under all conditions, high reliability is needed. This led many researchers to investigate the reliability of optical routers intensively [20][21][22][23], since they are the major active components of the network. However, the designs reported in these papers neglect the effect of backup paths on signals sent over the default paths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Universal Method for Constructing Fault‐Tolerant Optical Routers Using RRW

Fadhel

Huang

2021

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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High-speed data transmission enabled by photonic network-on-chip (PNoC) has been regarded as a significant technology to overcome the power and bandwidth constraints of electrical network-on-Chip (ENoC). This has given rise to an exciting new research area, which has piqued the public’s attention. Current on-chip architectures cannot guarantee the reliability of PNoC, due to component failures or breakdowns occurring, mainly, in active components such as optical routers (ORs). When such faults manifest, the optical router will not function properly, and the whole network will ultimately collapse. Moreover, essential phenomena such as insertion loss, crosstalk noise, and optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) must be considered to provide fault-tolerant PNoC architectures with low-power consumption. The main purpose of this manuscript is to improve the reliability of PNoCs without exposing the network to further blocking or contention by taking the effect of backup paths on signals sent over the default paths into consideration. Thus, we propose a universal method that can be applied to any optical router in order to increase the reliability by using a reliable ring waveguide (RRW) to provide backup paths for each transmitted signal within the same router, without the need to change the route of the signal within the network. Moreover, we proposed a simultaneous transmission probability analysis for optical routers to show the feasibility of this proposed method. This probability analyzes all the possible signals that can be transmitted at the same time within the default and the backup paths of the router. Our research work shows that the simultaneous transmission probability is improved by 10% to 46% compared to other fault-tolerant optical routers. Furthermore, the worst-case insertion loss of our scheme can be reduced by 46.34% compared to others. The worst-case crosstalk noise is also reduced by 24.55%, at least, for the default path and 15.7%, at least, for the backup path. Finally, in the network level, the OSNR is increased by an average of 68.5% for the default path and an average of 15.9% for the backup path, for different sizes of the network.

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Fault-Tolerant Routing Mechanism in 3D Optical Network-on-Chip Based on Node Reuse

Cited by 52 publications

References 55 publications

Bi-Directional Benes With Large Port-Counts and Low Waveguide Crossings for Optical Network-on-Chip

Bi-Directional Benes With Large Port-Counts and Low Waveguide Crossings for Optical Network-on-Chip

In Situ Assembling of Glass Microspheres and Bonding Force Analysis by the Ultraviolet–Near-Infrared Dual-Beam Optical Tweezer System

Universal Method for Constructing Fault‐Tolerant Optical Routers Using RRW

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