Fatty Acid Supplementation Improves Respiratory, Inflammatory and Nutritional Parameters in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis

Olveira, Gabriel; Olveira, Casilda; Acosta, E.; Espíldora, Francisco; Garrido‐Sánchez, Lourdes; García‐Escobar, Eva; Rojo‐Martínez, Gemma; Gonzalo, Montserrat; Soriguer, Federico

doi:10.1016/s1579-2129(10)70018-5

Cited by 35 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…On the other hand, a significant reduction in PCC and LPO occurred in both serum and joint tissue of SP-treated specimens, probably due to increased antioxidant enzyme activity 53 and the action of algal components. The latter include unsaturated fatty acids such as c-linolenic acid, [54][55][56][57] cysteine, 45 a precursor of GSH, and C-phycocyanin, which is able to inhibit OH and alkoxyl radicals and decreases LPO of the liver microsomal fraction. 23 Besides the well-known activity of Spirulina as well as phycocyanin as direct scavengers of free radicals and ROS, it has been demonstrated that phycocyanin and phycocyanobilin (both being biliproteins contained in cyanobacteria) also act to regulate enzymatic systems of immunocompetent cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Effect ofSpirulina (Arthrospira) maximaon Chronic Inflammation Induced by Freund's Complete Adjuvant in Rats

Gutiérrez-Rebolledo¹,

Galár-Martínez²,

García-Rodríguez

et al. 2015

Journal of Medicinal Food

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One of the major mechanisms in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation is the excessive production of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species, and therefore, oxidative stress. Spirulina (Arthrospira) maxima has marked antioxidant activity in vivo and in vitro, as well as anti-inflammatory activity in certain experimental models, the latter activity being mediated probably by the antioxidant activity of this cyanobacterium. In the present study, chronic inflammation was induced through injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA) in rats treated daily with Spirulina (Arthrospira) maxima for 2 weeks beginning on day 14. Joint diameter, body temperature, and motor capacity were assessed each week. On days 0 and 28, total and differential leukocyte counts and serum oxidative damage were determined, the latter by assessing lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl content. At the end of the study, oxidative damage to joints was likewise evaluated. Results show that S. maxima favors increased mobility, as well as body temperature regulation, and a number of circulating leukocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes in specimens with CFA-induced chronic inflammation and also protects against oxidative damage in joint tissue as well as serum. In conclusion, the protection afforded by S. maxima against development of chronic inflammation is due to its antioxidant activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Effect ofSpirulina (Arthrospira) maximaon Chronic Inflammation Induced by Freund's Complete Adjuvant in Rats

Gutiérrez-Rebolledo¹,

Galár-Martínez²,

García-Rodríguez

et al. 2015

Journal of Medicinal Food

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“…Therefore, we hypothesized that the effects of DHA and EPA on metabolism may be due to changes in the expression of these enzymes. To test this, we measured the expression of the four major enzymes in the n-3 and n-6 metabolic pathways ( ⌬ 5-and ⌬ 6-desaturases, plus elongases 2 and 5) by that DHA therapy reduces AA levels in CF patients and animal models ( 6,(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reason for this difference is unclear. Human trials ( 39 ) have shown differences in metabolism using EPA alone or combinations of EPA and DHA ( 29,30,40,41 ). However, the individual effects of EPA and DHA are diffi cult to disaggregate, as supplementation with either of these fatty acids increases concentrations of the other.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Production of these metabolites is known to be increased in CF, and several studies have drawn a connection between eicosanoid alterations and disease pathogenesis (54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59). It is plausible that the observed benefi t of n-3 fatty acid therapy in the CF mouse model ( 6 ) and in a small subset of human trials ( 29,30 ) is due to its ability to normalize AA levels and, consequently, reduce excessive production of eicosanoids. In fact, changes in leukotriene metabolism have been noted in In addition to their effects on LA and LNA metabolism, DHA and EPA reduce metabolism of AA to DPA, particularly in WT cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, this treatment corrected the phenotypic manifestations of CF, decreasing ileal villus height, pancreatic duct diameter, and pulmonary infl ammation stimulated by lipopolysaccharide ( 6,25 ). Similarly, CF patients treated with DHA exhibited signifi cant decreases in plasma AA levels (26)(27)(28), accompanied in some cases by increased LA ( 29,30 ). Despite moving the fatty acid alterations in CF toward normal, the clinical outcomes in these small studies have been inconsistent.…”

Section: Fatty Acid Labeling Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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DHA and EPA reverse cystic fibrosis-related FA abnormalities by suppressing FA desaturase expression and activity

Njoroge

Laposata²,

Katrangi³

et al. 2012

Journal of Lipid Research

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in the United States to 37 years ( 2 ). Among the phenotypic manifestations of CF patients are abnormalities in blood and tissue polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels that are independent of absorption and nutritional status (reviewed in Refs. [3][4][5]. The most consistent of these abnormalities are decreased linoleate (LA; 18:2n-6) and docosahexaenate (DHA; 22:6n-3). In addition, some studies have shown increased arachidonate (AA; 20:4n-6), palmitoleate (16:1n-7), oleate (18:1n-9), and Mead acid (20:3n-9). Similar fi ndings are seen in animal ( 6-9 ) and cell culture ( 10, 11 ) models of CF. The magnitude of fatty acid alterations in CF patients correlates with disease severity, suggesting a role for fatty acid metabolism in CF pathophysiology ( 12-17 ).There is increasing evidence that these abnormalities are due to differences in fatty acid metabolism in CF. PUFAs of the n-3 and n-6 series are metabolized in a stepwise fashion along parallel pathways (reviewed in Ref. 18 ). A common set of desaturase and elongase enzymes catalyzes the conversion of LA through multiple steps to AA and ultimately to docosapentaenoate (DPA; 22:5n-6). The same enzymes convert linolenate (LNA; 18:3n-3) to eicosapentaenoate (EPA; 20:5n-3) and subsequently to DHA. Multiple studies have demonstrated increased conversion of AA to eicosanoids (19)(20)(21)(22), stimulating increased metabolism of LA to maintain AA ( 7, 10, 11 ) and accounting for the decreased LA and increased AA levels seen in CF.Recent studies in our laboratory have uncovered a potential mechanism accounting for these metabolic changes ( 23 ). In cell culture models of CF, decreased LA and increased AA and EPA levels in CF cells correlated with increased expression and activity of the ⌬ 5-and ⌬ 6-desaturase enzymes that catalyze conversion of LA to AA and LNA to EPA. Similar increases in ⌬ 9-desaturase and elongase-6Abstract Patients and models of cystic fi brosis (CF) exhibit consistent abnormalities of polyunsaturated fatty acid composition, including decreased linoleate (LA) and docosahexaenoate (DHA) and variably increased arachidonate (AA), related in part to increased expression and activity of fatty acid desaturases. These abnormalities and the consequent CF-related pathologic manifestations can be reversed in CF mouse models by dietary supplementation with DHA. However, the mechanism is unknown. This study investigates this mechanism by measuring the effect of exogenous DHA and eicosapentaenoate (EPA) supplementation on fatty acid composition and metabolism, as well as on metabolic enzyme expression, in a cell culture model of CF. We found that both DHA and EPA suppress the expression and activity of ⌬ 5-and ⌬ 6-desaturases, leading to decreased fl ux through the n-3 and n-6 PUFA metabolic pathways and decreased production of AA. The fi ndings also uncover other metabolic abnormalities, including increased fatty acid uptake and markedly increased retroconversion of DHA to EPA, in CF cells. These results indicate that the fatty acid abnormalities of CF are ...

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Antibiotic adjuvant therapy for pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis

Hurley

Forrester

Smyth

2010

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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Fatty Acid Supplementation Improves Respiratory, Inflammatory and Nutritional Parameters in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis

Cited by 35 publications

References 38 publications

Antioxidant Effect ofSpirulina (Arthrospira) maximaon Chronic Inflammation Induced by Freund's Complete Adjuvant in Rats

Antioxidant Effect ofSpirulina (Arthrospira) maximaon Chronic Inflammation Induced by Freund's Complete Adjuvant in Rats

DHA and EPA reverse cystic fibrosis-related FA abnormalities by suppressing FA desaturase expression and activity

Antibiotic adjuvant therapy for pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis

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