Fatty acid and fat‐soluble antioxidant concentrations in milk from high‐ and low‐input conventional and organic systems: seasonal variation

Butler, Gillian; Nielsen, Jacob Holm; Slots, Tina; Seal, Chris; Eyre, M. D.; Sanderson, Roy; Leifert, Carlo

doi:10.1002/jsfa.3235

Cited by 220 publications

(324 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…However, there are some studies present contradictory results. Butler et al (2008) found a higher protein content in organic than in conventional milk but Toledo-Alonzo (2003), Zagorska and Ciprovica (2008), and Stergiadis et al (2012) showed no difference in protein and/or casein contents between organic and conventional milks. The lower content of protein in organic milk can be explained by the lower amount of starch in organic diets which results from the lower amounts of concentrate feeds provided to cows.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…There are a number of comparative studies on the composition and properties of organic and conventional cows' milks. According to some authors, milk from organically certified systems contains more polyunsaturated fatty acids including n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and CLA (Ellis et al 2006;Bloksma et al 2008;Popović-Vranjes et al 2010;Butler et al 2011b), vitamins, and calcium (Bergamo et al 2003;Butler et al 2008). The more favourable fatty acids profile of organic milk in these studies has been mainly associated with organic diets richer in fresh grass and clover which conventional diets are based on silage and concentrates.…”

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confidence: 98%

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Quality of cows' milk from organic and conventional farming

Kouřimská¹,

Legarová²,

Panovská³

et al. 2014

Czech J. Food Sci.

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Kouřimská L., Legarová V., Panovská Z., Pánek J. (2014): Quality of cows' milk from organic and conventional farming. Czech J. Food Sci., 32: 398-405.The results of chemical and microbial analyses of raw milk samples coming from organic and conventional farming systems were statistically compared. The samples were analysed during a twelve-month period (June-May). A total of 2206 samples were collected of which 528 were organic. After raw milk was processed, sensory hedonic quality of 171 pairs of organic and conventional non-standardised pasteurised whole milk samples were evaluated using the pair comparison preference test. Four parameters in raw milk, free fatty acids, urea content, somatic cell count and coliform bacteria count, showed no significant differences between the two types of production. Significantly higher contents of protein, casein, lactose, and non-fat solids were detected in conventional milk, which also had a significantly lower freezing point. On the contrary, significantly higher contents of total mesophilic bacteria count and a higher percentage of samples with positive coliform bacteria count were found in organic milk samples. Sensory analysis of pasteurised milk showed no significant hedonic difference between organic and conventional samples.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Quality of cows' milk from organic and conventional farming

Kouřimská¹,

Legarová²,

Panovská³

et al. 2014

Czech J. Food Sci.

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“…The concentrations of α-tocopherol and β-carotene are higher in organic than conventional milk during the outdoor feeding period, but not during the indoor feeding period in the study of Butler et al (2008). Ellis et al (2007) reported no differences for these vitamins, but found less retinol in organic milk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Compared with conventionally produced milk, organically produced milk has higher fat proportions of C18:3n-3 (Butler et al, 2008;Collomb et al, 2008a), C18:1 trans-11 and C18:2 cis-9,trans-11 (Jahreis et al, 1996;Collomb et al, 2008a), PUFA (Ellis et al, 2006;Collomb et al, 2008a), and lower proportions of n-6 FA (Butler et al, 2008;Collomb et al, 2008a;), C18:0, C18:1 cis-9, and MUFA (Jahreis et al, 1996;Collomb et al, 2008a). The concentrations of α-tocopherol and β-carotene are higher in organic than conventional milk during the outdoor feeding period, but not during the indoor feeding period in the study of Butler et al (2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of short-term versus long-term grassland management and seasonal variation in organic and conventional dairy farming on the composition of bulk tank milk

Adler

Jensen

Govasmark

et al. 2013

Journal of Dairy Science

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Bulk tank milk from 28 dairy farms was sampled every second month for 2 yr to assess the effects of grassland management, production system and season on milk fatty acid (FA) composition, concentrations of fat-soluble vitamins, Se, and milk sensory quality. Grassland management varied in terms of time since establishment. Short-term grassland management (SG) was defined as establishment or reseeding every fourth year or more often, and long-term grassland management (LG) was defined as less frequent establishment or reseeding. Fourteen organic (ORG) dairy farms with either short-term or long-term grassland management were paired with 14 conventional (CON) farms with respect to grassland management. Within ORG farms, SG farms differed from LG farms in herbage botanical composition, but not in concentrate FA concentrations, dry matter intake, or milk yield. Within CON farms, herbage composition, concentrate FA concentrations, dry matter intake, and milk yield showed no or insignificant variations. The ORG farms differed from CON farms in herbage botanical composition, concentrate FA concentrations, concentrate intake, and milk yield. Compared with ORG-LG farms, ORG-SG farms produced milk fat with higher proportions of C10:0 and C12:0 associated with higher herbage proportions of legumes (Fabaceae) and lower proportions of other dicotyledon families. Compared with milk from CON farms, milk fat from ORG farms had higher proportions of most saturated FA and all n-3 FA, but lower proportions of C18:0 and C18:1 cis-9 associated with higher forage proportion and differences in concentrations of FA in concentrates. Compared with the outdoor-feeding periods, the indoor feeding periods yielded milk fat with higher proportions of most shortchain and medium-chain FA and lower proportions of most C18-FA associated with grazing and higher forage proportions. Milk concentrations of α-tocopherol and β-carotene were lower during the grazing periods. Inclusion of fishmeal in organic concentrates may explain higher Se concentrations in organically produced milk. Milk sensory quality was not affected in this study. In conclusion, grassland management had minor effects on milk composition, and differences between ORG farms and CON farms may be explained by differences in concentrate intake and concentrate FA concentrations. Milk produced on ORG farms versus CON farms and milk produced during the outdoor versus indoor feeding periods had potential health benefits due to FA composition. In contrast, the higher milk-fat proportions of saturated FA in milk from ORG farms may be perceived as negative for human health.

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“…By contrast, simple liquid meals (for example, cream added to a liquid meal replacement) allow for better control of the nutrient composition from subject to subject. If foods are included that naturally vary in composition throughout the year (for example, dairy products 30 ), it is advantageous to take an aliquot of the homogenized meal for analysis of its macronutrient content and fatty acid composition. Further, the use of commercially available liquid formulas allows variability in the quantity fed to different subjects based on their daily energy needs, maintenance of constant food composition and standardization of the meal composition across multiple research sites.…”

Section: Meal Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Getting the label in: practical research strategies for tracing dietary fat

Lambert

Parks

2012

Int J Obes Supp

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The observation that events occurring after consumption of a meal can directly affect metabolic risk has been gaining interest over the past 40 years. As a result, the desire for investigators to conduct postprandial studies has also increased. Study design decisions pertaining to the choice of meal quantity and composition are more difficult than may be readily apparent, and there is now ample evidence available in the literature to suggest that what is fed on the test day significantly affects postprandial metabolism and can therefore influence interpretation of results. In addition, events occurring before the testing day (food intake and activities) can also have an impact on the observed postprandial response. The goal of this review is to present aspects of study design critical to the investigation of postprandial metabolism. These details include subject preparation, meal quantity, form and composition, as well as sampling protocols for measuring metabolites. Key factors and practical examples are provided to minimize the impact of nonresearch variables on subject variability. Finally, aspects related to using stable isotope tracers to measure metabolism of meal fat are discussed, including choice of tracer form, dose and delivery in food. Given that fed-state events contribute significantly to chronic disease risk, improved methods to study the absorption and disposal of food energy will support the development of strategies designed to prevent and treat diseases associated with overconsumption of nutrients.International Journal of Obesity Supplements (2012) 2, S43 --S50; doi:10.1038/ijosup.2012.22Keywords: dietary fat; stable isotope; postprandial lipids; meals; fatty acids INTRODUCTIONThe atherogenicity of the postprandial state, first proposed by Donald Zilversmit, 1 has remained the focus of intense research for over 4 decades. A central idea evolving from Dr Zilversmit's hypothesis is that the physiologic response to a meal high in fat reveals key dynamics related to prediction of heart disease risk. 2 The concept of a nutrient challenge as a vehicle to uncover disease risk has grown to include studies of metabolic flexibility 3 and the role of nutrient toxicity during overconsumption of food. 4 Over the past 20 years, advanced techniques for the study of postprandial lipemia have been developed. 5--9 Reviews on postprandial triacylglycerols (TG) response have described the influence of genetic polymorphisms, 2 the impact of subject characteristics such as obesity 10 and the effect of commonly prescribed medications. 11 Further, recent research has made major progress in our understanding of the metabolic fates of dietary fatty acids in humans 12 and the large variability exhibited between study subjects with respect to fatty acid handling. 13 At the same time, much new information has become available with which to optimize postprandial study designs, and the objective of this review is to highlight that information.It may seem that the impact of detailed study design features, such as feeding liq...

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Fatty acid and fat‐soluble antioxidant concentrations in milk from high‐ and low‐input conventional and organic systems: seasonal variation

Cited by 220 publications

References 41 publications

Quality of cows' milk from organic and conventional farming

Quality of cows' milk from organic and conventional farming

Effect of short-term versus long-term grassland management and seasonal variation in organic and conventional dairy farming on the composition of bulk tank milk

Getting the label in: practical research strategies for tracing dietary fat

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