Fatores impactantes na adesão e conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem às precauções-padrão

Abstract

Evaluar la adhesión y conocimiento a las Precauciones Estándar (PE) y el impacto de factores individuales, relativos al trabajo y organizacionales en la adhesión del equipo de enfermería a dichas medidas de seguridad. Estudio transversal, correlacional, descriptivo, por medio de los siguientes instrumentos: cuestionario sociodemográfico, cuestionario de Adhesión a las PE (CAPE), Cuestionario de Conocimiento sobre las PE (CCPE) y ocho escalas referentes a un modelo explicativo de adhesión a las PE. La muestra final se compone de 172 profesionales. El CAPE obtuvo un promedio de 71,94 puntos (DP = 6,40) y el CCPE, 15,44 (DP ± 1,48). Se verificó una correlación significativa (p≤0,001) entre la adhesión y la personalidad de riesgo, percepción de riesgo, percepción de obstáculos para seguir las PE, entrenamiento y disponibilidad de EPI. Se concluye que los factores psicosociales y organizacionales estuvieron correlacionados con la adhesión. No se encontró significancia estadística del impacto del conocimiento en la adhesión a las PE. Sin embargo, se hace necesario la concienciación del carácter multifacético de la adhesión a las referidas de seguridad, que atraviesan factores individuales, pero también organizacionales y que, por lo tanto, necesitan de implicación directa y permanente de la gestión de las instituciones de salud, por medio de educación en la salud y la infraestructura necesaria para comportamientos seguros. Assess adherence and knowledge to Standard Precautions (SP) and the impact of individual, work-related and organizational factors on the adherence of the nursing team to the aforementioned safety measures. Cross-sectional, correlational, descriptive study using the following instruments: socio-demographic questionnaire, Standard Precautions Adherence Questionnaire (SPAQ), SP Knowledge Questionnaire (SPKQ) and eight scales referring to an explanatory model of SP adherence. The final sample consisted of 172 professionals. The SPAQ obtained a mean of 71.94 points (SD = 6.40) and the SPKC, 15.44 (SD ± 1.48). Significant correlation (p≤0.001) between adherence and personality of risk, perception of risk, perception of obstacles to follow SP, training and availability of PPE was verified. We conclude that psychosocial and organizational factors were correlated with adherence. No statistical significance was found for the impact of knowledge on adherence to SP. However, it is necessary to raise awareness of the multifaceted nature of adherence to those referred to as security, which pervade individual but also organizational factors and therefore require direct and permanent involvement of management of health institutions, through education in health and infrastructure needed for safe behavior. Avaliar a adesão e conhecimento às Precauções-padrão (PP) e o impacto de fatores individuais, relativos ao trabalho e organizacionais na adesão da equipe de enfermagem as referidas medidas de segurança. Estudo transversal, correlacional, descritivo, por meio dos seguintes instrumentos: questionário sociodemográfico, Questionário de Adesão às PP (QAPP), Questionário de Conhecimento sobre as PP (QCPP) e oito escalas referentes a um modelo explicativo de adesão às PP. A amostra final constitui-se de 172 profissionais. O QAPP obteve média de 71,94 pontos (DP = 6,40) e o QCPP, 15,44 (DP±1,48). Verificado correlação significativa (p≤0,001) entre a adesão e a personalidade de risco, percepção de risco, percepção de obstáculos para seguir as PP, treinamento e disponibilidade de EPI. Conclui-se os fatores psicossociais e organizacionais estiveram correlacionados à adesão. Não foi encontrada significância estatística do impacto do conhecimento na adesão às PP. No entanto, faz-se necessário a conscientização do caráter multifacetado da adesão às referidas de segurança, que perpassam fatores individuais, mas também organizacionais e que, portanto, necessitam de envolvimento direto e permanente da gestão das instituições de saúde, por meio de educação em saúde e infraestrutura necessária para comportamentos seguros.

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Health Care Professionals Regarding Covid-19 Virus

“…However, more than half answered that they wash their hands with alcohol or soap and water after coughing and sneezing on their hands. This result disagrees with the study done in Brazil, which mentioned that most participants performed hand hygiene before and after exposure to body fluid or after the procedure (7) . It also disagrees with the study done in Northwest Ethiopia because nearly half of their participants have washed their hands before the procedure (10) .…”

“…Most responded that COVID19 is transmitted by direct contact and droplet. More than half of them answered that the disease incubation period is between (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14) days. This result contradicts the answers of the study's participants, as the majority correctly answered 2-14 days.…”

“…Hand hygiene, use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) which consists of (gloves, mask for respiratory protection, eye or face shield, and gown), safe practices in the handling of sharps, potentially contaminated materials, and handling of patient's belongings to prevent healthcare-associated Infections and coughing label/respiratory hygiene are the components of standard precaution measures and safety measures aimed at both professional and worker and patients in health care settings (7) ; within about 6 feet via respiratory secretions in coughs or sneezes or by touching virus-contaminated surfaces or objects, the SARS-COV-2 is transmitted from person to person by close contact, especially risky for old age. The preexistence of chronic illnesses has been identified as a potential risk factor for severe disease and mortality (8) .…”

Adherence by nursing professionals to standard precautions in the COVID-19 pandemic

“…A cross-sectional, correlational, and descriptive study using instruments to assess knowledge and application of SPs in the work environment highlighted the importance of continuing education. A total of 172 nursing professionals participated and psychosocial and organizational factors evidenced adherence to the use of PPE, to the prophylaxis after exposure to the patient's body fluids, and to vaccination against hepatitis B (Souza et al, 2020).…”