Fatores etiológicos da deficiência auditiva em crianças e adolescentes de um centro de referência APADA em Salvador-BA

Abstract

Heari ng represents the main source for acquisition of language and speaking skills in childhood. In the first months of life, the hearing impaired child is deprived of sound stimulation in the most important period of development, and consequently, might present emotional, social and linguistic disorders. Therefore, it is of utmost relevance to learn about the main etiological factors that cause the auditory damage to trace a reliable nosological profile, and to take the appropriate measures to prevent and guide the family on the repercussions of hearing impairment in childhood. Aim: To characterize the etiology profile of hearing impairment in a reference center for hearing impaired children and adolescents. Methodology: We performed interviews, speech and hearing screening and analyses of medical charts of 87 hearing impaired children that were part of Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Deficientes Auditivos do Estado da Bahia (APADA-BA), trying to define etiology, gender distribution, age at diagnosis, level of hearing loss, age at hearing aid fitting, and rehabilitation. Results: Among the 87 children and adolescents who had undergone speech and hearing screening, we select a sample of 53 subjects, whose parents had come for three sessions of anamnesis and assessment. The main responsible etiological factor for hearing loss in the evaluated population was maternal rubella, amounting to 32% of the cases of deafness, followed by pyogenic meningitis with 20%, idiopathic cause with 15%, prematurity with 9%, heredity (deaf father or mother) and neonatal jaundice, which also presented 6% incidence; chronic otitis media represented 4%, use of misoprostol in the gestation, measles, ototoxicity and mumps, each factor with 2%. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated the heterogeneity of factors that cause hearing impairment, and the two main causes (rubella and pyogenic meningitis) still present high incidence in the studied population. We believe that preventive measures must be taken, especially in the prophylaxis of maternal rubella and extended vaccination of neonates and infants against bacterial meningitis.

Porcentagem de consoantes corretas (PCC) em crianças com deficiência auditiva: estudo longitudinal

“…It was observed, therefore, that the time to identify hearing loss is outside of what is considered ideal so that there is no impairment in the development of oral language 1,2 . Given that hearing impairment causes significant sensory deprivation and hearing impaired children in this study were identified after the first year of life, oral language development and later written language tend to be impaired.…”

“…In order to reduce the impact of hearing impairment on communication, it is of great importance that the diagnosis, the adaptation of the hearing device and the beginning of the intervention occur in the first six months of life 2 . In the present study, it was verified that the adaptation of the hearing device occurred on average at 4.2 years old, also far away from the considered ideal time.…”

“…The child's language and speech skills are acquired primarily through listening 1 . The first months of life correspond to the most important period of sound stimulation, but hearing impaired children are deprived of this stimulation, which may impair the development of oral language if diagnosis and intervention do not occur in a timely manner 2 .…”

Avaliação da saúde auditiva em crianças com HIV/AIDS

“…It must be emphasized that conductive hearing loss is not restricted to children with HIV/AIDS (21) ; ear infections in the presence of risk factors that may affect the auditory system occur most commonly during childhood (22) . In general, hearing loss in individuals with HIV/AIDS can be caused by opportunistic infections, ototoxic drugs, or direct viral infection (23,24) .…”

Recursos de tecnologia assistiva para alunas com surdez: sugestões compartilhadas por uma bolsista Pibid

“…A habilidade de compreender a linguagem oral deve ser considerada um dos mais importantes aspectos mensuráveis da função auditiva humana. Na criança com deficiência auditiva, o processo de aquisição e desenvolvimento da linguagem pode ser prejudicado, caso não ocorra diagnóstico e intervenção em tempo adequado para evitar o atraso do desenvolvimento linguístico (SILVA, 2006).…”