“…Nishijima and Kanazawa [15] attributed the reason why the fatigue life for internal failure is longer than that for surface failure to the fact that the stress intensity factor for flaws with the same size in the material interior is smaller than that at the surface. The influence of some factors, such as loading frequency [12,14,20,21], surface finishing condition [8,16,22], material microstructure state [23][24][25] and environmental media [10,11,26], on the VHCF properties of high strength steels has been widely studied. Among them, the effect of ultrasonic frequency on the estimated fatigue strength has been intensively studied in order to make sure that the fatigue results obtained by using ultrasonic testing and conventional fatigue equipment with a low frequency are comparable.…”