Fat Transport in Lipoproteins — An Integrated Approach to Mechanisms and Disorders

Fredrickson, Donald S.; Levy, Robert I.; Lees, Robert S.

doi:10.1056/nejm196701052760107

Cited by 1,362 publications

(238 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Vitamin E transiently present in chylomicrons following meals and in the serum is associated with beta-lipopro tein (30). It has been reported that vitamin E is virtually absent from the serum of patients with abetalipoproteinemia (31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations on Serum Lipid Components and Serum Vitamin E in Iron Deficiency Anemia

Fujii¹,

Shimizu²

1973

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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Investigations were carried out on serum lipid components and serum vitamin E in 54 cases of iron deficiency anemia during adolescence, with the following results: Serum levels of total lipids, free fatty acids, and phospholipids in cases of iron deficiency anemia were not different from those of the controls. Although the average value: of serum total cholesterol levels in the cases of iron deficiency anemia was not different from that of the controls, the percentage of subjects who showed low serum total cholesterol levels was greater in cases of iron deficiency anemia than in controls. The average values of serum triglyceride, serum beta-lipoprotein, or serum vitamin E were significantly lower than those of the controls, and the percentage of subjects who showed low serum levels of triglyceride, beta-lipoprotein, or vitamin E was greater in cases of iron deficiency anemia than in the controls. No significant correlation was noted between serum levels of vitamin E and total cholesterol. However, a moderate correlation was noted between serum levels of vitamin E and triglyceride, and a direct correlation was noted between serum levels of vitamin E and beta-lipoprotein.Vitamin E is a compound with antioxidant properties capable of protecting membrane lipids from oxidative degradation(1). A reduction in serum vitamin E concentration is associated with increased susceptibility of red blood cells to hemolysis on exposure to H2O2 in vitro(2-5). MELHORN and GROSS(6) reported that abnormally elevated H2O2 hemolysis values were observed in cases of severe iron deficiency anemia in children. As reported by the authors previously, abnormally elevated H2O2 hemolysis values and moderate reduction in serum vitamin E concentration were also observed in adult patients with iron deficiency anemia(7). The real cause of decreased serum vitamin E level in iron deficiency anemia is not known. However, as vitamin E is fat soluble, this paper investigates

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations on Serum Lipid Components and Serum Vitamin E in Iron Deficiency Anemia

Fujii¹,

Shimizu²

1973

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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“…Using the measured value of a2, al oc (a2ka4plu4) -1 (17) or, using the continuity equation, 1 1 (d\ 8 ka 4p2 U3D kD,/ From Eq (18) we can determine several interesting results. The constant a, is inversely proportional to the sound intensity.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phonoangiography: A New Noninvasive Diagnostic Method for Studying Arterial Disease

Lees

Dewey

1970

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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125

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Abstract. Phonoangiography, the quantitative analysis of sounds produced by blood flow, has been used to investigate local fluid motion in arteries narrowed by atherosclerosis. The sound spectra measured in vivo were found to be identical to those obtained in laboratory investigations of turbulent pipe flow. A theoretical model is proposed which: (a) quantitatively relates the in vivo and in vitro data, and (b) allows estimation of the clinically important parameters of arterial diameter, flow velocity, local turbulence intensity, and wall pressure fluctuations. The results of calculations using data from human subjects agree with known arterial diameters and blood flow velocities.Atherosclerosis is responsible for nearly half of all deaths in the United States,1 many from coronary heart disease in males in the 35-55 age group. Study of the atherosclerotic process in man has been difficult. Direct assessment of the state of arteries for diagnostic2 or investigative3 purposes by catheter angiography is expensive, uncomfortable for the patient, and involves risk of infection, bleeding, and arrhythmia. Conversely, epidemiologic studies,4-7 which measure the effect of diet on the incidence of complications of arteriosclerosis, require large numbers of patients and years of study, detect only the sequelae of the atherosclerotic process, not the process itself, and do so only after irreparable damage is done.Noninvasive methods must be developed to determine the site and extent of atherosclerotic narrowing and to monitor the state of coronary and peripheral arteries repeatedly and inexpensively for both individual and epidemiologic studies. The most successful noninvasive technique previously reported uses externally applied ultrasonic waves.8-9 Echoes originating at the blood-tissue interface are interpreted to yield the local vessel diameter; the local blood velocity may be inferred from the frequency shift of the ultrasound radiation scattered by the moving column of blood.9 It is extremely difficult in practice to extract sufficient quantitative information with this technique to determine the effective degree of occlusion of a stenosed artery or details of the local blood flow.We present here a brief analysis of arterial fluid mechanics and report initial studies with phonoangiography, which we define as quantitative analysis of the sound generated by blood flow.Fluid-mechanical origins of cardiovascular sounds: For over 200 years, 935

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“…In our hands the coefficient of variation for replicate assays of triglycerides in a quality control sera was 2 96%, and for estimations carried out on different days was 310%. Lipoprotein electrophoresis was carried out on cellulose acetate by the method of Postma and Stroes (1968) and the abnormalities were classified according to the system of Fredrickson et al (1967). The upper limit of normal for plasma cholesterol was taken as 280 mg/100 ml and for plasma triglyceride as 2-0 mmol/l.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperlipidaemia in Asthmatic Patients Receiving Long-term Steroid Therapy

El-Shaboury¹,

Hayes²

1973

BMJ

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Fat Transport in Lipoproteins — An Integrated Approach to Mechanisms and Disorders

Cited by 1,362 publications

References 80 publications

Investigations on Serum Lipid Components and Serum Vitamin E in Iron Deficiency Anemia

Investigations on Serum Lipid Components and Serum Vitamin E in Iron Deficiency Anemia

Phonoangiography: A New Noninvasive Diagnostic Method for Studying Arterial Disease

Hyperlipidaemia in Asthmatic Patients Receiving Long-term Steroid Therapy

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