Fare Design in Urban Transit Network considering Elastic Demand and Adverse Weather’s Impact

Zhang, Jiantong; Lv, Biyu; Tian, Guichao; Liu, Wenchi

doi:10.1155/2014/197515

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Since the bus network layout influences the efficiency of services, which is reflected by passenger demand [22], the selections of bus stops and routes need to maximize patronage. Passengers' demand may be affected by many factors [30][31][32], and during rail construction, they pay more attention to the in-vehicle time (i.e., the operation time of the bus line). As a result, the model in Stage II is formulated as [M]: max 􏽘 􏽘…”

Section: Stage Ii: Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Bus Rerouting to Alleviate the Impact of Rail Transit Construction

Wang

Chen

et al. 2022

Journal of Advanced Transportation

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In urban areas, rail transit construction affects the travel time and the efficiency of bus lines along the surrounding roads. To ensure service qualities, this study proposes a two-stage optimization method for bus rerouting to alleviate the impact of rail construction. In the first stage, the effect of the construction on bus operation is evaluated based upon one indicator, namely the increased rate of bus turnaround time. The affected lines that need rerouting are sifted by the indicator. For each rerouting line, we design two adjustment patterns and associated candidate alternative rerouting sets. In the second stage, the bus network alteration optimization model is developed to maximize the number of passengers served. The model considers several practical constraints, including service connectivity, rationality of bus travel time, and budget for building new bus stops. It realizes a systematic optimization of bus rerouting lines affected by rail transit construction. The proposed method is applied to Ning-Ma intercity railway in Ma’anshan, China to analyze the impact of construction on the surrounding bus lines and obtain the optimal adjustment scheme. The results show that the proposed method is capable of effectively reducing the negative effects caused by rail transit construction and meantime guaranteeing bus service quality.

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Section: Stage Ii: Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Bus Rerouting to Alleviate the Impact of Rail Transit Construction

Wang

Chen

et al. 2022

Journal of Advanced Transportation

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“…In addition, Tsai et al (2013) also illustrated such significant impacts of distance-based fare on passengers' travel behaviour by formulating a daily profit maximization problem for an intercity transit system. In the recent study, in order to optimize fare, Zhang et al (2014) proposed a bi-level programming model taking account of the disturbance of unexpected effects and adverse weather conditions. Weather conditions have a great effect on walk times and travel comfort levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Limited-Stop Bus Services Along a Public Transit Corridor With a Differential Fare Structure

Tang

Lam

2019

Transport

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Limited-stop bus services are a highly efficient way to release more potential of the public transit system to meet travel demand, especially under constraints on vehicle fleet size and transportation infrastructure. This work first proposes a visualized fare table for the design of limited-stop bus services along a public transit corridor, along which many lines of public transit carry a heavy load of demand back and forth every working day. Based on this proposed fare table, a set of fare strategies and desired aims of fare policy, a differentiated fare structure is established to improve social equity and increase revenue. The nature of the structure can help travellers understand how to be charged between their origins and destinations (e.g. flat, time-based, stop-based or quality-based pricing) and then plan their trips efficiently. Secondly, a model is formulated to minimize the total social cost in designing a fixed demand limited-stop bus service system with a differentiated fare structure. Thirdly, numerical results are carried out with sensitivity analysis within three scenarios of differentiated fare structures. It is found that a differentiated fare structure has a great effect on passenger path choice behaviour and resulting optimal design of bus services. An attractive feature of this differentiated fare structure is that it could not only enhance the operator’s revenue and social equity but also reduce passenger transfers and social cost.

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“…All of these have been discussed in the literature. It is widely acknowledged that the flat fare structure is the simplest and most convenient one [ 18 ] while the differential fare structure is not only more competent in addressing social equity concern but also can gain a greater increase in the operator’s revenue [ 19 – 23 ]. Chien and Tsai [ 19 ] proposed an optimization model developed for optimizing operational headway and differential time- and zone-based fare structures, taking service capacity constraints into account.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tsai et al [ 22 ] also illustrated such significant impacts of distance-based fare on passengers’ travel behavior in an intercity transit system. Zhang et al [ 23 ] analyzed the positive impacts of different fare structures in different kinds of adverse weather conditions. Ge et al [ 2 – 3 ] proposed a visualized fare table for the design of limited-stop bus services along a public transit corridor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing a desirable fare structure for a bus-subway corridor

Liu

Cao

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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This paper aims to optimize a desirable fare structure for the public transit service along a bus-subway corridor with the consideration of those factors related to equity in trip, including travel distance and comfort level. The travel distance factor is represented by the distance-based fare strategy, which is an existing differential strategy. The comfort level one is considered in the area-based fare strategy which is a new differential strategy defined in this paper. Both factors are referred to by the combined fare strategy which is composed of distance-based and area-based fare strategies. The flat fare strategy is applied to determine a reference level of social welfare and obtain the general passenger flow along transit lines, which is used to divide areas or zones along the corridor. This problem is formulated as a bi-level program, of which the upper level maximizes the social welfare and the lower level capturing traveler choice behavior is a variable-demand stochastic user equilibrium assignment model. A genetic algorithm is applied to solve the bi-level program while the method of successive averages is adopted to solve the lower-level model. A series of numerical experiments are carried out to illustrate the performance of the models and solution methods. Numerical results indicate that all three differential fare strategies play a better role in enhancing the social welfare than the flat fare strategy and that the fare structure under the combined fare strategy generates the highest social welfare and the largest resulting passenger demand, which implies that the more equity factors a differential fare strategy involves the more desirable fare structure the strategy has.

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Fare Design in Urban Transit Network considering Elastic Demand and Adverse Weather’s Impact

Cited by 3 publications

References 24 publications

Optimization of Bus Rerouting to Alleviate the Impact of Rail Transit Construction

Optimization of Bus Rerouting to Alleviate the Impact of Rail Transit Construction

Optimizing Limited-Stop Bus Services Along a Public Transit Corridor With a Differential Fare Structure

Optimizing a desirable fare structure for a bus-subway corridor

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