Far-Red Light Detection in the Shoot Regulates Lateral Root Development through the HY5 Transcription Factor

Gelderen, Kasper van; Kang, Chiakai; Paalman, Richard; Keuskamp, Diederik H.; Hayes, Scott; Pierik, R.L.M.

doi:10.1105/tpc.17.00771

Cited by 188 publications

(210 citation statements)

References 95 publications

(129 reference statements)

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“…Intra-or interspecies plant mutual shading often affects crop light interception [2], especially in intercropping and close planting system which are important cultivation methods in increasing resource utilization and yield [3]. Plants can perceive shading that enable them to acclimate and adjust their phenotypic and physiological characteristics to compete for limited light resource [4]. Shade often leads to elongation responses in the stem, petioles, and leaves in shadesensitive plant species [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low red/far-red ratio as a signal promotes carbon assimilation of soybean seedlings by increasing the photosynthetic capacity

et al. 2020

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Background: Shading includes low light intensity and varying quality. However, a low red/far-red (R/Fr) ratio of light is a signal that affects plant growth in intercropping and close-planting systems. Thus, the low R/Fr ratio uncoupling from shading conditions was assessed to identify the effect of light quality on photosynthesis and CO 2 assimilation. Soybean plants were grown in a growth chamber with natural solar radiation under four treatments, that is, normal (N, sunlight), N + Fr, Low (L) + Fr, and L light. Results: Low R/Fr ratio significantly increased the total biomass, leaf area, starch and sucrose contents, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, and quantum efficiency of the photosystem II compared with normal R/Fr ratio under the same light level (P < 0.05). Proteomic analysis of soybean leaves under different treatments was performed to quantify the changes in photosynthesis and CO 2 assimilation in the chloroplast. Among the 7834 proteins quantified, 12 showed a > 1.3-fold change in abundance, of which 1 was related to porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, 2 were involved in photosystem I (PS I), 4 were associated with PS II, 3 proteins participated in photosynthetic electron transport, and 2 were involved in starch and sucrose metabolism. The dynamic change in these proteins indicates that photosynthesis and CO 2 assimilation were maintained in the L treatment by up-regulating the component protein levels compared with those in N treatment. Although low R/Fr ratio increased the photosynthetic CO 2 assimilation parameters, the differences in most protein expression levels in N + Fr and L + Fr treatments compared with those in N treatment were insignificant. Similar trends were found in gene expression through quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction excluding the gene expression of sucrose synthase possible because light environment is one of the factors affecting carbon assimilation.Conclusions: Low R/Fr ratio (high Fr light) can increase the photosynthetic CO 2 assimilation in the same light intensity by improving the photosynthetic efficiency of the photosystems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low red/far-red ratio as a signal promotes carbon assimilation of soybean seedlings by increasing the photosynthetic capacity

et al. 2020

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“…ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 ( HY5 ) acts as a mobile signal mediating root-to-shoot communication in response to light quantity and quality [22–24]. hy5 mutants exhibit root systems with reduced primary root length, however, lateral root development is accelerated, relative to WT [23].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption ofCYCLOPHILIN 38function reveals a photosynthesis-dependent systemic signal controlling lateral root emergence

Duan

Pérez-Ruiz

Cejudo

et al. 2020

Preprint

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15Photosynthesis in leaves generates the fixed-carbon resources and essential 16 metabolites that support sink tissues, such as roots [1]. One of these products, sucrose, 17 is known to promote primary root growth, but it is not clear what other molecules may be 18 involved and whether other stages of root system development are affected by 19 photosynthate levels [2]. Through a mutant screen to identify pathways regulating root 20 system architecture, we identified a mutation in the CYCLOPHILIN 38 (CYP38) gene, 21 which causes an accumulation of pre-emergent stage lateral roots, with a minor effect on 22 primary root growth. CYP38 was previously reported to maintain the stability of 23 Photosystem II (PSII) in chloroplasts [3]. CYP38 expression is enriched in the shoot and 24 grafting experiments show that the gene acts non-cell autonomously to promote lateral 25 root emergence. Growth of wild-type plants under low light conditions phenocopied the 26 cyp38 lateral root emergence phenotype as did the inhibition of PSII-dependent electron 27 transport or NADPH production. Importantly, the cyp38 root phenotype is not rescued 28 by exogenous sucrose, suggesting the involvement of another metabolite. Auxin (IAA) is 29 an essential hormone promoting root growth and its biosynthesis from tryptophan is 30 dependent on reductant generated during photosynthesis [4,5]. Both WT seedlings 31 grown under low light and cyp38 mutants have highly diminished levels of IAA in root 32 tissues. The cyp38 lateral root defect is rescued by IAA treatment, revealing that 33 photosynthesis promotes lateral root emergence partly through IAA 34 biosynthesis. Metabolomic profiling shows that the accumulation of several defense-35 related metabolites are also photosynthesis-dependent, suggesting that the regulation of 36 a number of energy-intensive pathways are down-regulated when light becomes limiting. 37Results and Discussion: 38CYP38 is necessary for lateral root emergence 39 Lateral roots form through oriented cell divisions within the pericycle tissue layer, hidden 40 3-layers deep inside the parent root [6]. The process of lateral root primordia 41 emergence through these outer tissues involves communication between the organ identify the causative genetic locus, CYPLOPHILLIN 38 (CYP38) (Figure. S1B). A T-49 DNA allele (cyp38-5) with an insertion in the sixth exon phenocopied the EMS allele 50 (cyp38-4) (Figure. 1A-C), which has an early stop codon in the second exon (Figure.51 1D). Expression of CYP38 using its native promoter fully complement cyp38-4 (Figure.52 1E), indicating that CYP38 is indeed the causative gene. 54To determine the developmental basis for the cyp38 phenotype, we classified lateral root 55 growth into 4 distinct stages: initiation (I), pre-emergence (Pre-E), emergence (E), and 56 maturation (M) (Figure. S1A). Compared to wild type (WT), where the majority of lateral 57 roots have typically progressed to the maturation stage in 8-dpg (days post germination) 58 seedlings, we found that the cyp38-5 mutants had a si...

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“…As for the first mechanism, it has been suggested that HY5, one of the best characterized targets of COP1-mediated degradation, might directly regulate PIN1 transcription in the hypocotyl [96]. Notably, recent work has shown that HY5 is a shoot-to-root mobile signal that mediates light promotion of root growth [97,98]. Perception of Low R/FR in the shoot also results in a decrease in lateral root (LR) emergence, and it has been proposed that HY5 regulates this process by inhibiting the auxin efflux carrier PIN3 and the influx carrier LIKE-AUX1 3 (LAX3) auxin transporters, which act in concert in the process of LR emergence [98,99].…”

Section: Auxin Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Pathways in the Control of the Shade Avoidance Response

Sessa

Carabelli

Possenti³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Plants have evolved two opposing strategies in response to competition for light: shade tolerance and shade avoidance. To detect the presence of neighboring vegetation, shade-avoiding plants have evolved the ability to perceive and integrate multiple signals. Among them, changes in light quality and quantity are central to elicit and regulate the shade avoidance response. Here, we describe recent advances in the understanding of photoperception and downstream signaling mechanisms underlying the shade avoidance response, focusing on Arabidopsis because most of our knowledge derives from studies conducted in this model plant. Shade avoidance is an adaptive response, resulting in phenotypes with high relative fitness in natural dense communities. However, it contributes to reduction in crop plant productivity, and the design of new strategies aimed at attenuating shade avoidance in a stage-and/or organ-specific manner in high-density crop plantings is a major challenge for the future. For this reason, in this review, we also report on recent advances in the molecular description of the shade avoidance response in crops, such as maize and tomato, and discuss similarity and differences with Arabidopsis.

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Far-Red Light Detection in the Shoot Regulates Lateral Root Development through the HY5 Transcription Factor

Cited by 188 publications

References 95 publications

Low red/far-red ratio as a signal promotes carbon assimilation of soybean seedlings by increasing the photosynthetic capacity

Low red/far-red ratio as a signal promotes carbon assimilation of soybean seedlings by increasing the photosynthetic capacity

Disruption ofCYCLOPHILIN 38function reveals a photosynthesis-dependent systemic signal controlling lateral root emergence

Multiple Pathways in the Control of the Shade Avoidance Response

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