Familial Aggregation of Parkinson Disease

Abstract

Late-onset PD has a significant familial component. The magnitude of recurrence risk to relatives suggests a genetic etiology, without ruling out the possibility of a coexisting environmental component.

Clinical Characteristics of Patients with De Novo Parkinson’s Disease and a Positive Family History

“…Previous studies consistently showed that individuals with a family history of PD tend to be younger at PD onset when compared with those without a family history [26][27][28][29][30]. Our study also showed that patients with a family history of PD were younger at PD symptom onset than those with a negative family history (62.8 years vs. 65.9 years), although the difference was not statistically significant.…”

Clinical Characteristics of Patients with De Novo Parkinson’s Disease and a Positive Family History

“…Previous studies consistently showed that individuals with a family history of PD tend to be younger at PD onset when compared with those without a family history [26][27][28][29][30]. Our study also showed that patients with a family history of PD were younger at PD symptom onset than those with a negative family history (62.8 years vs. 65.9 years), although the difference was not statistically significant.…”

Cell Ratio Differences in Peripheral Blood between Early- and Late-Onset Parkinson’s Disease: A Case-Control Study

“…The previous researches regarding EOPD and LOPD focused on the genetic factor, which has more effects on the pathological progression of EOPD [3], whereas, in our research, we studied the immune factor which is associated with LOPD. Some studies also have reported the relationship between ratios of blood cells and PD.…”

“…Thus, biases are certainly existent. Last, genetic factors have been proved to be related with EOPD [3]. However, because our research is a retrospective study, we cannot obtain the subjects' genetic information to analyze the interaction between immune and gene in PD patients.…”

Analysis of National Sample Cohort From Korea for Epidemiological and Prognostic Aspects of Parkinson’s Disease According to Time of Onset

“…Compared to LOPD, EOPD is more frequently associated with a genetic predisposition, slower disease progression, and increased risk of levodopa-related motor complications. 22 23 24 The most well-known genetic causes of PD include LRRK2 and parkin pathogenic mutations, 25 while GBA mutations are considered a risk factor for PD. 26 In the diagnostic process for PD, genetic testing may be considered in cases with a strong family history, early onset, or a particular ethnic background.…”

Clinical Characteristics of Patients with De Novo Parkinson’s Disease and a Positive Family History

“…Previous studies consistently showed that individuals with a family history of PD tend to be younger at PD onset when compared with those without a family history [26][27][28][29][30]. Our study also showed that patients with a family history of PD were younger at PD symptom onset than those with a negative family history (62.8 years vs. 65.9 years), although the difference was not statistically significant.…”

Cell Ratio Differences in Peripheral Blood between Early- and Late-Onset Parkinson’s Disease: A Case-Control Study

“…The previous researches regarding EOPD and LOPD focused on the genetic factor, which has more effects on the pathological progression of EOPD [3], whereas, in our research, we studied the immune factor which is associated with LOPD. Some studies also have reported the relationship between ratios of blood cells and PD.…”

“…Thus, biases are certainly existent. Last, genetic factors have been proved to be related with EOPD [3]. However, because our research is a retrospective study, we cannot obtain the subjects' genetic information to analyze the interaction between immune and gene in PD patients.…”

Analysis of National Sample Cohort From Korea for Epidemiological and Prognostic Aspects of Parkinson’s Disease According to Time of Onset

“…Compared to LOPD, EOPD is more frequently associated with a genetic predisposition, slower disease progression, and increased risk of levodopa-related motor complications. 22 23 24 The most well-known genetic causes of PD include LRRK2 and parkin pathogenic mutations, 25 while GBA mutations are considered a risk factor for PD. 26 In the diagnostic process for PD, genetic testing may be considered in cases with a strong family history, early onset, or a particular ethnic background.…”

Clinical Characteristics of Patients with De Novo Parkinson’s Disease and a Positive Family History

“…Previous studies consistently showed that individuals with a family history of PD tend to be younger at PD onset when compared with those without a family history [26][27][28][29][30]. Our study also showed that patients with a family history of PD were younger at PD symptom onset than those with a negative family history (62.8 years vs. 65.9 years), although the difference was not statistically significant.…”

Cell Ratio Differences in Peripheral Blood between Early- and Late-Onset Parkinson’s Disease: A Case-Control Study

“…The previous researches regarding EOPD and LOPD focused on the genetic factor, which has more effects on the pathological progression of EOPD [3], whereas, in our research, we studied the immune factor which is associated with LOPD. Some studies also have reported the relationship between ratios of blood cells and PD.…”

“…Thus, biases are certainly existent. Last, genetic factors have been proved to be related with EOPD [3]. However, because our research is a retrospective study, we cannot obtain the subjects' genetic information to analyze the interaction between immune and gene in PD patients.…”

Analysis of National Sample Cohort From Korea for Epidemiological and Prognostic Aspects of Parkinson’s Disease According to Time of Onset

“…Compared to LOPD, EOPD is more frequently associated with a genetic predisposition, slower disease progression, and increased risk of levodopa-related motor complications. 22 23 24 The most well-known genetic causes of PD include LRRK2 and parkin pathogenic mutations, 25 while GBA mutations are considered a risk factor for PD. 26 In the diagnostic process for PD, genetic testing may be considered in cases with a strong family history, early onset, or a particular ethnic background.…”