Falling through the cracks: the gap between evidence and policy in responding to depression in gay, lesbian and other homosexually active people in Australia

Abstract

Objective: To examine the evidence for a national policy response to depression among gay, lesbian and other homosexually active people in Australia. Methods: A literature review using database searches on depression among non‐heterosexual people then a web‐based search of national policy investigating how mental health needs in this population are addressed in Australia. Results: The literature review found that non‐heterosexual people experience depression at higher rates, but the literature on interventions was sparse. The policy analysis found no mention of depression or the broader mental health needs of non‐heterosexual people in key national mental health policy documents. These documents outline a policy approach for population groups with a higher prevalence of mental health problems, and stigma and discrimination are relevant associated factors, but only the National Suicide Strategy considers non‐heterosexual people an ‘at‐risk group’. Conclusions: The results suggest that the evidence on higher rates of depression in non‐heterosexual people is strong, but that this is not recognised in current national policy. Implications: Defining non‐heterosexual people as an ‘at‐risk’ group is appropriate, as is prioritising access to mental health services that are socially and culturally appropriate. Addressing homophobia as an associated factor would require a strategic policy approach across a range of sectors.

Health and well being of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people aged 50 years and over

“…2 In Australia and overseas, mental health conditions, particularly depression and anxiety, have consistently been reported to be higher in LGBTI populations than in the general population, including heterosexual and cisgender people. [3][4][5] These differences are also apparent in the older population. Psychological distress has been identified as 1.42-fold greater for older gay and bisexual men (compared with older heterosexual men) and 1.35fold higher for older lesbians and bisexual women (compared with older heterosexual women).…”

A narrative review of the literature about people with intellectual disability who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex or questioning

“…Urgently needed as the next step, however, is a concerted effort to develop innovative educational, community awareness, advocacy and health promotion approaches coupled with research on outcomes and experiences. In particular, using standardized measures for depression as an outcome from such interventions is required given the links between mental health and sexual identity in people with a lifelong disability (Carman et al, 2012). As a group of Australian researchers and practitioners, we are alarmed at the total absence of any published research from Australia.…”

“…A recent review of mainstream literature identified that people who identify as LGBTIQ experience greater rates of depression when compared with heterosexual people (Carman et al, 2012). Three of the noted protective factors for depression in people who identify as LGBTIQ were (a) being in a relationship; (b) social support from peers, friends and family; and (c) a sense of belonging to a community.…”

A Comparison of Risk Factors for Hepatitis C Among Young and Older Adult Prisoners

“…In prison and community settings in Australia, more attention is needed from policy makers, practitioners, and researchers to inform context-specific interventions that take into account the differences between heterosexual and GLBT populations, importantly in terms of injection drug use and risky sexual practices. Promisingly, other national strategies and policies in Australia have recognized and responded to the vulnerability of this group (as well as young people) in relation to mental health (e.g., Australia’s National Suicide Prevention Strategy ) and the need for increased access to education and information for service providers (Carman, Corboz, & Dowsett, 2012). These recommendations are critical to service providers working with prisoners.…”