Failure of Chemoprophylaxis With Standard Antituberculosis Agents in Child Contacts of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Cases

Is Chemoprophylaxis for Child Contacts of Drug-Resistant TB Patients Beneficial? A Systematic Review

“…We found that preventive therapy with second-line drugs, in line with the susceptibility profile of index case isolate or with fluoroquinolone, should be considered for chemoprophylaxis of contacts of MDR-TB patients. Our finding is supported by another retrospective review on pediatric contacts of MDR-TB patients in South Africa, where the authors concluded that children developed MDR-TB if they received chemoprophylaxis with either isoniazid or a combination of isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide and at least 2 second-line drugs should be considered for chemoprophylaxis of 6–12 months [ 18 ]. Other studies have reported varied results and the evidences are not sufficient to support or reject chemoprophylaxis for contacts of MDR-TB patients [ 19 ].…”

Is Chemoprophylaxis for Child Contacts of Drug-Resistant TB Patients Beneficial? A Systematic Review

“…We found that preventive therapy with second-line drugs, in line with the susceptibility profile of index case isolate or with fluoroquinolone, should be considered for chemoprophylaxis of contacts of MDR-TB patients. Our finding is supported by another retrospective review on pediatric contacts of MDR-TB patients in South Africa, where the authors concluded that children developed MDR-TB if they received chemoprophylaxis with either isoniazid or a combination of isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide and at least 2 second-line drugs should be considered for chemoprophylaxis of 6–12 months [ 18 ]. Other studies have reported varied results and the evidences are not sufficient to support or reject chemoprophylaxis for contacts of MDR-TB patients [ 19 ].…”

Pediatric and Adolescent Tuberculosis in the United States, 2008–2010

“…27,28 These data point to the importance of drug susceptibility testing among patients with TB to whom children are exposed, to gauge which children may require modified TB prophylaxis or treatment regimens. 26,[29][30][31] Similar to other studies, [32][33][34] we found that most (92%) child and adolescent patients with TB have identical or near-identical TB strains to a reported epidemiologically linked case. Combining contact tracing and genotyping can help identify presumed source cases, interrupt ongoing transmission, and aid treatment decisions.…”

Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis – Diagnosis, Treatment, Management and Control: The Experience in Thailand

“…This study showed a significantly larger extent of tree-in-bud appearance and lung consolidations compared to the MDR-TB patients [51]. In childhood patients, chest radiological features at the time of diagnosis demonstrates lobar opacification, intrathoracic lymphadenopathy, particular hilar lymph nodes, and airway narrowing [52]. Chest radiological features of three patients with MDR-TB who attended the 10 th Zonal Tuberculosis and Chest Disease Centre, Chiang Mai, Thailand are shown in the Figure 4 (A,B,C) which demonstrated a single cavity at the upper lung zone in two patients and no lung cavity in another one.…”

Is Chemoprophylaxis for Child Contacts of Drug-Resistant TB Patients Beneficial? A Systematic Review

“…We found that preventive therapy with second-line drugs, in line with the susceptibility profile of index case isolate or with fluoroquinolone, should be considered for chemoprophylaxis of contacts of MDR-TB patients. Our finding is supported by another retrospective review on pediatric contacts of MDR-TB patients in South Africa, where the authors concluded that children developed MDR-TB if they received chemoprophylaxis with either isoniazid or a combination of isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide and at least 2 second-line drugs should be considered for chemoprophylaxis of 6–12 months [ 18 ]. Other studies have reported varied results and the evidences are not sufficient to support or reject chemoprophylaxis for contacts of MDR-TB patients [ 19 ].…”

Pediatric and Adolescent Tuberculosis in the United States, 2008–2010

“…27,28 These data point to the importance of drug susceptibility testing among patients with TB to whom children are exposed, to gauge which children may require modified TB prophylaxis or treatment regimens. 26,[29][30][31] Similar to other studies, [32][33][34] we found that most (92%) child and adolescent patients with TB have identical or near-identical TB strains to a reported epidemiologically linked case. Combining contact tracing and genotyping can help identify presumed source cases, interrupt ongoing transmission, and aid treatment decisions.…”

Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis – Diagnosis, Treatment, Management and Control: The Experience in Thailand

“…This study showed a significantly larger extent of tree-in-bud appearance and lung consolidations compared to the MDR-TB patients [51]. In childhood patients, chest radiological features at the time of diagnosis demonstrates lobar opacification, intrathoracic lymphadenopathy, particular hilar lymph nodes, and airway narrowing [52]. Chest radiological features of three patients with MDR-TB who attended the 10 th Zonal Tuberculosis and Chest Disease Centre, Chiang Mai, Thailand are shown in the Figure 4 (A,B,C) which demonstrated a single cavity at the upper lung zone in two patients and no lung cavity in another one.…”

Is Chemoprophylaxis for Child Contacts of Drug-Resistant TB Patients Beneficial? A Systematic Review

“…We found that preventive therapy with second-line drugs, in line with the susceptibility profile of index case isolate or with fluoroquinolone, should be considered for chemoprophylaxis of contacts of MDR-TB patients. Our finding is supported by another retrospective review on pediatric contacts of MDR-TB patients in South Africa, where the authors concluded that children developed MDR-TB if they received chemoprophylaxis with either isoniazid or a combination of isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide and at least 2 second-line drugs should be considered for chemoprophylaxis of 6–12 months [ 18 ]. Other studies have reported varied results and the evidences are not sufficient to support or reject chemoprophylaxis for contacts of MDR-TB patients [ 19 ].…”

Pediatric and Adolescent Tuberculosis in the United States, 2008–2010

“…27,28 These data point to the importance of drug susceptibility testing among patients with TB to whom children are exposed, to gauge which children may require modified TB prophylaxis or treatment regimens. 26,[29][30][31] Similar to other studies, [32][33][34] we found that most (92%) child and adolescent patients with TB have identical or near-identical TB strains to a reported epidemiologically linked case. Combining contact tracing and genotyping can help identify presumed source cases, interrupt ongoing transmission, and aid treatment decisions.…”

Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis – Diagnosis, Treatment, Management and Control: The Experience in Thailand

“…This study showed a significantly larger extent of tree-in-bud appearance and lung consolidations compared to the MDR-TB patients [51]. In childhood patients, chest radiological features at the time of diagnosis demonstrates lobar opacification, intrathoracic lymphadenopathy, particular hilar lymph nodes, and airway narrowing [52]. Chest radiological features of three patients with MDR-TB who attended the 10 th Zonal Tuberculosis and Chest Disease Centre, Chiang Mai, Thailand are shown in the Figure 4 (A,B,C) which demonstrated a single cavity at the upper lung zone in two patients and no lung cavity in another one.…”