Fad diets in Sweden, of all places

Mann, Jim; Nye, Edwin R.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61575-0

Cited by 29 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In line with the recommendations, a marked drop in intake of high-fat nonfermented milk in favor of medium-fat alternatives was observed in Sweden between 1986 and 1991 (17). In recent years, fat intake from dairy products has increased in Sweden (17), likely reflecting a strong promotion of low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets in the Swedish media (18). On the basis of the high consumption and wide range of intake of dairy products, Sweden offers a unique setting for studying the association of dairy intake with human health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Nonfermented milk and other dairy products: associations with all-cause mortality,

Tognon¹,

Shungin

Lissner³

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background: A positive association between nonfermented milk intake and increased all-cause mortality was recently reported, but overall, the association between dairy intake and mortality is inconclusive. Objective: We studied associations between intake of dairy products and all-cause mortality with an emphasis on nonfermented milk and fat content. Design: A total of 103,256 adult participants (women: 51.0%) from Northern Sweden were included (7121 deaths; mean follow-up: 13.7 y). Associations between all-cause mortality and reported intakes of nonfermented milk (total or by fat content), fermented milk, cheese, and butter were tested with the use of Cox proportional hazards models that were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, education, energy intake, examination year, and physical activity. To circumvent confounding, Mendelian randomization was applied in a subsample via the lactase LCT-13910 C/T single nucleotide polymorphism that is associated with lactose tolerance and milk intake. Results: High consumers of nonfermented milk ($2.5 times/d) had a 32% increased hazard (HR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.48) for all-cause mortality compared with that of subjects who consumed milk #1 time/wk. The corresponding value for butter was 11% (HR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.21). All nonfermented milk-fat types were independently associated with increased HRs, but compared with full-fat milk, HRs were lower in consumers of medium-and low-fat milk. Fermented milk intake (HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.86, 0.94) and cheese intake (HR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.91, 0.96) were negatively associated with mortality. Results were slightly attenuated by lifestyle adjustments but were robust in sensitivity analyses. Mortality was not significantly associated with the LCT-13910 C/T genotype in the smaller subsample. The amount and type of milk intake was associated with lifestyle variables. Conclusions: In the present Swedish cohort study, intakes of nonfermented milk and butter are associated with higher all-cause mortality, and fermented milk and cheese intakes are associated with lower all-cause mortality. Residual confounding by lifestyle cannot be excluded, and Mendelian randomization needs to be examined in a larger sample.Am J Clin Nutr 2017;105:1502-11.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Nonfermented milk and other dairy products: associations with all-cause mortality,

Tognon¹,

Shungin

Lissner³

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the Va¨sterbotten County study, 10 serum cholesterol levels increased in 2008-2010 in men, in women and in all educational groups, potentially in response to a more lenient attitude towards the consumption of saturated fat induced by fatty diets. 17 Why this did not occur in Gothenburg is unclear, but in northern Sweden those with only a basic education and who lived in the rural inlands had a more adverse development with respect to serum cholesterol. Thus, risk factor levels may differ between groups within a country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Sweden, one of the more popular diets during the past decade has combined a low intake of carbohydrates while simultaneously increasing dietary fat, resulting in an increased consumption of saturated fat. 17 In the Va¨sterbotten Intervention Programme, which was an epidemiological study in northern Sweden, a reversal of the decreasing trends of population cholesterol levels was observed, with increasing levels of serum cholesterol appearing after 2008. 10 A similar increase, however, was not found in the northern Sweden 'MONICA study', which reported a continuing improvement in CV risk factors until 2009, including serum cholesterol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secular changes in cardiovascular risk factors in Swedish 50-year-old men over a 50-year period: The study of men born in 1913, 1923, 1933, 1943, 1953 and 1963

Zhang

Rosengren

et al. 2016

Eur J Prev Cardiolog

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Secular changes in cardiovascular risk factors in Swedish 50-year-old men over a 50-year period: The study of men born in 1913, 1923, 1933, 1943, 1953 and 1963 A decrease in systolic blood pressure of nearly 10 mmHg was observed from 1963 to 1993, but was not sustained through the past two decades. Mean serum cholesterol fell from 6.42 (SD 1.12) mmol/L to 5.34 (SD 0.97) mmol/L. The prevalence of smoking at 50 years of age decreased markedly from 56.1% in 1963 to 11.9% in 2013. The number of participants with a sedentary lifestyle during leisure time decreased until 1993, but has remained unchanged since. In 2013, 50-year-old men had a 6.9-times higher likelihood of lacking CV risk factors than 50-year-old men in 1963 (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.5-13.3, p < 0.001). The odds ratio for having four or more risk factors was only 0.13 (95% CI: 0.062-0.29, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Despite increasing body weight, the total CV risk factor burden has decreased in 50-year-old men over the past 50 years.

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“…One example is the low-carb high-fat diet that has been popular in the Nordic countries for some years and has been subject to national and international public health concern. 18 The diet promoters have made effective use of social media to establish their authority. 15 If patients are following this diet, it is important that clinicians talk about it in regard to specific health concerns characterizing the dietary regime, such as the drastic restriction of total carbohydrates and largely unrestricted intakes of saturated fats.…”

Section: Recommendations For Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

If You can't beat It–Use It: why and how clinicians need to consider social media in the treatment of adolescents with obesity

Holmberg

2016

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Fad diets in Sweden, of all places

Cited by 29 publications

References 3 publications

Nonfermented milk and other dairy products: associations with all-cause mortality,

Nonfermented milk and other dairy products: associations with all-cause mortality,

Secular changes in cardiovascular risk factors in Swedish 50-year-old men over a 50-year period: The study of men born in 1913, 1923, 1933, 1943, 1953 and 1963

If You can't beat It–Use It: why and how clinicians need to consider social media in the treatment of adolescents with obesity

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