Factors that influence the release of metals from stainless steels exposed to physiological media

Herting, Gunilla; Wallinder, Inger Odnevall; Leygraf, Christofer

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2005.08.006

Cited by 57 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…However, all replicate samples revealed the same trend. The results are consistent with previous observations made for freshly polished stainless steel AISI 316L exposed to similar exposure conditions (Herting et al 2006). The barrier properties and the Cr content of the surface oxide of stainless steel were gradually improved with time upon exposure in ALF.…”

Section: Iron and Chromium Release Ratessupporting

confidence: 93%

Bioaccessibility studies of ferro‐chromium alloy particles for a simulated inhalation scenario: A comparative study with the pure metals and stainless steel

Midander

Frutos

Hedberg

et al. 2009

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The European product safety legislation, REACH, requires that companies that manufacture, import, or use chemicals demonstrate safe use and high level of protection of their products placed on the market from a human health and environmental perspective. This process involves detailed assessment of potential hazards for various toxicity endpoints induced by the use of chemicals with a minimum use of animal testing. Such an assessment requires thorough understanding of relevant exposure scenarios including material characteristics and intrinsic properties and how, for instance, physical and chemical properties change from the manufacturing phase, throughout use, to final disposal. Temporary or permanent adverse health effects induced by particles depend either on their shape or physical characteristics, and/or on chemical interactions with the particle surface upon human exposure. Potential adverse effects caused by the exposure of metal particles through the gastrointestinal system, the pulmonary system, or the skin, and their subsequent potential for particle dissolution and metal release in contact with biological media, show significant gaps of knowledge. In vitro bioaccessibility testing at conditions of relevance for different exposure scenarios, combined with the generation of a detailed understanding of intrinsic material properties and surface characteristics, are in this context a useful approach to address aspects of relevance for accurate risk and hazard assessment of chemicals, including metals and alloys and to avoid the use of in vivo testing. Alloys are essential engineering materials in all kinds of applications in society, but their potential adverse effects on human health and the environment are very seldom assessed. Alloys are treated in REACH as mixtures of their constituent elements, an approach highly inappropriate because intrinsic properties of alloys generally are totally different compared with their pure metal components. A large research effort was therefore conducted to generate quantitative bioaccessibility data for particles of ferro-chromium alloys compared with particles of the pure metals and stainless steel exposed at in vitro conditions in synthetic biological media of relevance for particle inhalation and ingestion. All results are presented combining bioaccessibility data with aspects of particle characteristics, surface composition, and barrier properties of surface oxides. Iron and chromium were the main elements released from ferro-chromium alloys upon exposure in synthetic biological media. Both elements revealed time-dependent release processes. One week exposures resulted in very small released particle fractions being less than 0.3% of the particle mass at acidic conditions and less than 0.001% in near pH-neutral media. The extent of Fe released from ferro-chromium alloy particles was significantly lower compared with particles of pure Fe, whereas Cr was released to a very low and similar extent as from particles of pure Cr and stainless steel. Low release rates are a...

show abstract

Section: Iron and Chromium Release Ratessupporting

confidence: 93%

Bioaccessibility studies of ferro‐chromium alloy particles for a simulated inhalation scenario: A comparative study with the pure metals and stainless steel

Midander

Frutos

Hedberg

et al. 2009

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Abraded and aged surfaces release slightly higher amounts of metals compared with as-received surfaces due to a shorter time for surface passivation 10) . Figure 1 shows a comparison between released amounts of metals from abraded grades 304 and 316 after exposure to 5 g/L citric acid of pH 3.1, 4.8, 6.4 (BC ≈ 0.02) and pH 11 (BC ≈ 0.002) immersed for 2 h at 70 °C followed by 24 h at 40 °C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Citric Acid on the Metal Release of Stainless Steels

Mazinanian¹,

Wallinder

Hedberg³

2015

Corrosion Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Knowledge of how metal releases from the stainless steels used in food processing applications and cooking utensils is essential within the framework of human health risk assessment. A new European standard test protocol for testing metal release in food contact materials made from metals and alloys has recently been published by the Council of Europe. The major difference from earlier test protocols is the use of citric acid as the worst-case food simulant. The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of citric acid at acidic, neutral, and alkaline solution pH on the extent of metal release for stainless steel grades AISI 304 and 316, commonly used as food contact materials. Both grades released lower amounts of metals than the specific release limits when they were tested according to test guidelines. The released amounts of metals were assessed by means of graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy, and changes in the outermost surface composition were determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that both the pH and the complexation capacity of the solutions affected the extent of metal release from stainless steel and are discussed from a mechanistic perspective. The outermost surface oxide was significantly enriched in chromium upon exposure to citric acid, indicating rapid passivation by the acid. This study elucidates the effect of several possible mechanisms, including complex ion-and ligand-induced metal release, that govern the process of metal release from stainless steel under passive conditions in solutions that contain citric acid.

show abstract

“…The majority of this data is not directly comparable to TEOS silica dissolution since these fibers are not pure silica but generally contain an appreciable of alkaline earth oxides and other oxides. For instance, the dissolution rate of pure silica (0.86 nm per year) in water is significantly lower than the dissolution rate of high silica (62 wt% silica) containing mineral fibers (330 or 3,400 nm per year at pH 4.5 or 7.7, respectively, in Gamble's solution 7 ). How much this effect is due to the alkaline/alkali oxidation and how much to the organic components of the Gamble's solution is unknown [18].…”

Section: In-vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The precursors for the silicon oxide film were SiH 4 , N 2 O, He, and N 2 , and the deposition rate [Maloney, 2005]. 7 Citrate is used in Gamble's solution to replace proteins and acetate to represent organic acids [Herting, 2007].…”

Section: Factors Affecting Dissolution Of Silicamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ion Leaching from Implantable Medical Devices

Eiselstein

Caligiuri

2010

MSF

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Implantable medical devices must be able to withstand the corrosive environment of the human body for 10 or more years without adverse consequences. Most reported research and development has been on developing materials and devices that are biocompatible and resistant to corrosion-fatigue, pitting, and crevice corrosion. However, little has been directly reported regarding implantable materials with respect to the rate at which they generate soluble ions in-vivo. Most of the biocompatibility studies have been done by examining animal implants and cell cultures rather than examining the rate at which these materials leach ions into the body. This paper will discuss what is currently known about the rate at which common implant materials (such as stainless steels, cobalt-chromium alloys, and nitinol) elute ions under in vitro conditions, what the limitations are of such data, and how this data can be used in medical device development.

show abstract

Factors that influence the release of metals from stainless steels exposed to physiological media

Cited by 57 publications

References 11 publications

Bioaccessibility studies of ferro‐chromium alloy particles for a simulated inhalation scenario: A comparative study with the pure metals and stainless steel

Bioaccessibility studies of ferro‐chromium alloy particles for a simulated inhalation scenario: A comparative study with the pure metals and stainless steel

Influence of Citric Acid on the Metal Release of Stainless Steels

Ion Leaching from Implantable Medical Devices

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About