Factors Modulating Post-Activation Potentiation of Jump, Sprint, Throw, and Upper-Body Ballistic Performances: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Seitz, Laurent B.; Haff, G. Gregory

doi:10.1007/s40279-015-0415-7

Cited by 358 publications

(690 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Research into PAP following the back squat exercise as a CA reports intensities exceeding 60% of 1 repetition maximum as optimal 18 , however a transferable value to sled towing is yet to be derived. It should be noted however, as indicated by Seitz & Haff 17 , how stronger effects are evident for repetition maximal loads (ES = 0.51) in comparison to sub-maximal loads (ES = 0.34), indicating how heavier sled loads hypothetically should be more optimal in eliciting a PAP effect. The findings from both the present study and those of Winwood et al 12 corroborate with this, with optimal sled loads identified at between 50-75% BM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Further to this, a review by Petrakos, Morin, and Egan 7 examining longitudinal training implications indicates how sled towing with "light" loads (< 10% BM) may infact lead to decrements in sprint acceleration performance (-1.5%, ES = 0.50). On the contrary, "moderate to very heavy" loads (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19).9% BM to > 30% BM) appear superior in lending itself to improvements in sprint acceleration performance (0.5-9.1%, ES = 0.14-4.00). This data is somewhat not surprising, given how recent findings by Cross et al…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The acute effects of heavy sled towing on subsequent sprint acceleration performance

Jarvis¹,

Turner²,

Chavda³

et al. 2017

Journal of Trainology

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Objectives:The purpose of this study was to assess the practical use of heavy sled towing and its acute implications on subsequent sprint acceleration performance. Design and Methods:Eight healthy male varsity team sport athletes (age: 21.8 ± 1.8years, height: 185.5 ± 5.0cm, weight:88.8 ± 15.7kg, 15m sprint time: 2.66 ± 0.13s) performed sprints under three separate weighted sled towing conditions in a randomized order. Each condition consisted of one baseline unweighted sprint (4-min pre), the sled towing sprint protocol: (1) 1 × 50% body mass, (2) 2 × 50% body mass, (3) 3 × 50% body mass (multiple sprints interspersed with 90s recovery), and 3 post-testing unweighted sprints thereafter (4, 8, 12-min post). All sprints were conducted over a 15m distance.Results: Significantly faster sprint times for the 3 × sled towing protocol were identified following 8-min of rest (p = 0.025, d = 0.46, 2.64 ± 0.15s to 2.57 ± 0.17s). When individual best sprint times were analyzed against baseline data, significantly faster sprint times were identified following both 1 × (p = 0.007, d = 0.69, 2.69 ± 0.07s to 2.64 ± 0.07s) and 3 × (p = 0.001, d = 0.62, 2.64 ± 0.15s to 2.55 ± 0.14s) sled towing protocols. Within the 3 × condition, all athletes achieved fastest sprint times following 8-12 min of rest. Conclusions:The findings from the present study indicate that a repeated bout of sled towing (3 × 50% body mass) leads to the enhancement in subsequent sprint acceleration performance, following adequate, and individualized recovery periods.(Journal of Trainology 2017;6:18-25)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The acute effects of heavy sled towing on subsequent sprint acceleration performance

Jarvis¹,

Turner²,

Chavda³

et al. 2017

Journal of Trainology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Thereby, the effect of resistance for a strong athlete would differ from that for a weaker athlete. Seitz and Haff [33] suggested that stronger athletes were able to exhibit a greater PAP effect than their weaker counterparts, since they may have a greater percentage of type II muscle fibres and therefore a greater phosphorylation of the myosin light chain [34]. In addition, stronger athletes may have developed fatigue resistance to heavier loads after a near-maximal effort, which might affect the balance between potentiation and fatigue after the conditioning stimulus [33,35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of different sprint training sessions with assisted and resisted running: effects on performance and kinematics in 20-m sprints

Tillaar¹,

Heimburg²

2018

Hum Mov.

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Purpose. The purpose was to examine whether there is a positive acute effect of resisted and assisted sprinting on the kinematics and performance of regular 20-m sprints. Methods. The total of 15 female team handball players were involved in a counterbalanced crossover design three sprint sessions consisting of (1) seven normal 20-m sprints, (2) seven sprints alternating normal and resisted sprints, and (3) seven sprints alternating between normal and either resisted or assisted sprints in a single session. Results. The main finding was that only resisted sprints had an effect on the first normal 20-m sprint. However, this was only the case after one resisted run (from 3.59 to 3.54 s; 2% improvement). Using several resisted sprints did not have any positive effect upon the normal sprints, but probably caused fatigue, as shown in the increased contact times and decreased vertical stiffness, step length, and rate. Assisted running did not cause any changes to the normal sprints. Conclusions. resisted sprints can cause a positive effect in normal 20-m sprint performance (2%) after the use of one resisted effort in team handball players. However, the small positive effect is negated if several resisted efforts are performed, causing more fatigue than a positive response. Therefore, it is recommended that multiple resisted sprint efforts are not performed when seeking to enhance 20-m sprint performance in these athletes.

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“…This phenomenon is known as postactivation potentiation (PAP) and its use within the field of strength and conditioning has grown rapidly as performance enhancing effects have been demonstrated within athletic movements such as jumping (29,32) and sprinting (28). There are several suggested mechanisms behind PAP, including the recruitment of higher order motor units, increase in pennation angle, and the phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chains (32).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Application of Postactivation Potentiation Methods to Improve Sprint Speed

Healy

Comyns

2017

Strength &Amp; Conditioning Journal

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THIS ARTICLE EXAMINES THE APPLICATION OF A VARIETY OF MODALITIES TO ELICIT A POSTACTIVATION POTENTIATION (PAP) RESPONSE IN SPRINTING. WE PRESENT THE EXISTING LITERATURE ON THE ACUTE EFFECTS OF BACK SQUATS, POWER CLEANS, PLYOMETRICS, AND SLED PULLING ON SPRINT DISTANCES RANGING FROM 5 TO 50 M. WE ALSO DISCUSS AND PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE OF HOW COACHES CAN ASSESS THE INDIVIDUAL EFFECTS OF PAP PROTOCOLS ON THEIR ATHLETES TO IDENTIFY WHETHER A PROTOCOL ELICITS AN ACUTE IMPROVEMENT OR IMPAIRMENT IN PERFORMANCE. FINALLY, WE PROVIDE PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS ON HOW COACHES CAN INCORPORATE THESE METHODS INTO A SPRINT TRAINING SESSION.

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Factors Modulating Post-Activation Potentiation of Jump, Sprint, Throw, and Upper-Body Ballistic Performances: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Cited by 358 publications

References 35 publications

The acute effects of heavy sled towing on subsequent sprint acceleration performance

The acute effects of heavy sled towing on subsequent sprint acceleration performance

Comparison of different sprint training sessions with assisted and resisted running: effects on performance and kinematics in 20-m sprints

The Application of Postactivation Potentiation Methods to Improve Sprint Speed

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