Factors mediating exercise‐induced organ crosstalk

Abstract

Physical activity has several beneficial effects on wholebody metabolism and plays an important role in the prevention of chronic diseases including sarcopenia, hypertension, coronary heart disease, cancer, obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). 1 High levels of cardiovascular respiratory fitness (typically measured by maximal oxygen uptake, VO 2max ) and physical activity are associated with reduced mortality and lower risk for many chronic diseases, for example, cancer and cardiovascular disease. 1 Animal and human studies have consistently shown that the exercise-induced adaptations include improved insulin sensitivity 2,3 and glycaemic control in diabetes, 4 enhanced VO 2max , 1,5 reduced adiposity, 6 decreased systemic inflammation, 7 and improved bone strength. 8 Some studies also support beneficial effects of exercise on pancreatic βcell function, 4 endothelial function, 9 hepatic fat accumulation, hepatic lipoprotein clearance and hepatic VLDL production. 1,5 Moreover, in humans improved muscle fitness following exercise is characterized by increased muscle mitochondrial content and function and

Acute exercise dynamically modulates the hepatic mitochondrial proteome

“…41 Knockdown of Atp9a results in significantly increased exosomal vesicle release in hepatoma cells. 42 While exercise can improve metabolic signaling through the PI3K/Akt axis 25 and stimulates hepatic exosomal release, 43 the specific effects of how exercise modulates these pathways through ATPase proteins remain unstudied.…”

Exosomes in the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer: A Moonshot to PDAC Treatment?

“…It is now common knowledge that they are important mediators of intercellular communication under both normal and diseased conditions [ 49 ]. In more detail, the mediation of exosomes regulates a wide variety of physiologic processes: skin regeneration [ 50 ], bone remodeling [ 51 ], placental formation [ 52 ], and organ crosstalk during exercise [ 53 ]. It also serves as a diagnostic and predictive biomarker in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis [ 54 ], systemic lupus erythematosus [ 55 ], and nephropathies [ 56 ].…”

Roles and Molecular Mechanisms of Physical Exercise in Sepsis Treatment

“…In addition, physical exercise was able to inhibit cancer metastasis, ameliorate the side effects of cancer treatment, and prevent cancer-related death. Furthermore, there is emerging evidence that physical exercise acts on multiple organ systems under various conditions ( Sabaratnam et al, 2022 ). However, the effects of physical exercise on sepsis have not been summarized until now.…”