Factors Influencing Positional Behavior and Habitat Use of Sympatric Macaques in the Limestone Habitat of Nonggang, China

Huang, Zhongdong; Huang, Cheng-Ming; Wei, Hua; Tang, Huaxing; Krzton, Ali; Ma, Guangzhi; Zhou, Qihai

doi:10.1007/s10764-015-9813-9

Cited by 20 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The sample size seen in Table 5 M. mulatta, given it is the most widely distributed and successful primate. However, M. mulatta is always reported as occurring at lower elevation compared with its sympatric primates (Coudrat & Nekaris, 2013;Huang et al, 2015;Molur et al, 2003;Zhou et al, 2014), whereas M. leonina usually occurs over a wider range of elevations (Choudhury, 2010;Islam et al, 2014;Nguyen et al, 2012;San, 2011;Yin, 1993). With space more limited in the overlapping area, the niche of M. leonina narrowed in the vegetation dimension, F I G U R E 4 Differentiation between two macaque species in their overlapping area, by elevation (a), vegetation (b) and activity pattern (c) in three seasons: dry-cool (column 1), dry-hot (column 2), and rainy (column 3).…”

Section: Wider Distribution and Niche Breadth Of M Leoninamentioning

confidence: 99%

Macaca leonina has a wider niche breadth than sympatric M. mulatta in a fragmented tropical forest in southwest China

Sun

Cao

Liu

et al. 2020

American J Primatol

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Niche differentiation has long been identified as an essential stabilizing mechanism for the coexistence of sympatric species. Using camera trapping data obtained during 2012–2016, we identified Macaca leonina and M. mulatta as the dominant macaque species in the Naban River Watershed National Nature Reserve (NRW‐NNR), a tropical forest in southwestern China. In general, M. leonina exhibited a wider distribution and greater niche breadth than co‐occurring M. mulatta. According to a fitted maximum entropy model (MaxEnt), M. leonina was predicted to predominantly occur in forest at higher elevation, whereas M. mulatta was predicted at lower elevation; the broadleaved evergreen forest was predicted as the most suitable vegetation for both species to inhabit, while the unsuitable area was bordered by rubber plantation, in which both food scarcity and human disturbance restricted the movement of macaques. Although the niches of these two species highly overlapped across space and time, we also found evidence for their spatiotemporal niche differentiation. When the two species inhabited independent areas with different elevations and vegetation, they maintained a similar activity pattern; however, in the zones of overlap, their activity patterns differed significantly. Further comparative field studies of these two macaques, considering other niche dimensions, are required to ensure their coexistence and long‐term conservation.

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Section: Wider Distribution and Niche Breadth Of M Leoninamentioning

confidence: 99%

Macaca leonina has a wider niche breadth than sympatric M. mulatta in a fragmented tropical forest in southwest China

Sun

Cao

Liu

et al. 2020

American J Primatol

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“…Primate positional behaviour is constrained by morphological and anatomical characteristics, such as body size, limb proportions and tail length [Hunt, 1992[Hunt, , 1994McGraw, 1998;Wright, 2007;Prates and Bicca-Marques, 2008;Fleagle, 2013;Huang et al, 2015;Zhu et al, 2015]. In general, frequency of climbing and leaping depends on size, with smaller monkeys being more likely to leap across a gap they encounter and larger species tending to climb over or use bridging to cross a discontinuity [Fleagle and Mittermeier, 1980;Fleagle, 2013].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, tail length correlates with an animal's leaping ability [Chatani, 2003;Fleagle, 2013]. Primate species with longer tails might be able to leap further than those with shorter tails; long tails might function as balancers during leaping [Cant, 1988;Rodman, Chen/Huang/Huang/Wei/Zhou DOI: 10.1159/000502503 1991Chatani, 2003;Huang et al, 2015]. Finally, larger primates use larger substrates more frequently than smaller species, apparently owing to the necessary requirement of sustaining their greater weight [Gebo and Chapman, 1995b;McGraw, 2000;Bitty and McGraw, 2007;Huang et al, 2015].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Primate species with longer tails might be able to leap further than those with shorter tails; long tails might function as balancers during leaping [Cant, 1988;Rodman, Chen/Huang/Huang/Wei/Zhou DOI: 10.1159/000502503 1991Chatani, 2003;Huang et al, 2015]. Finally, larger primates use larger substrates more frequently than smaller species, apparently owing to the necessary requirement of sustaining their greater weight [Gebo and Chapman, 1995b;McGraw, 2000;Bitty and McGraw, 2007;Huang et al, 2015]. Ecological factors, such as habitat structure, resource distribution and availability, predation risk and temperature and rainfall, also influence positional behaviour [Gebo and Chapman, 1995a;Youlatos, 2002;Huang and Li, 2005;Lawler et al, 2006;Prates and Bicca-Marques, 2008;Manduell et al, 2012;Huang et al, 2015].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, larger primates use larger substrates more frequently than smaller species, apparently owing to the necessary requirement of sustaining their greater weight [Gebo and Chapman, 1995b;McGraw, 2000;Bitty and McGraw, 2007;Huang et al, 2015]. Ecological factors, such as habitat structure, resource distribution and availability, predation risk and temperature and rainfall, also influence positional behaviour [Gebo and Chapman, 1995a;Youlatos, 2002;Huang and Li, 2005;Lawler et al, 2006;Prates and Bicca-Marques, 2008;Manduell et al, 2012;Huang et al, 2015]. Variations in positional behaviour have been linked to differences in habitat structure [Garber and Pruetz, 1995;Gebo and Chapman, 1995a;Zhou et al, 2013;Huang et al, 2015].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Positional Behaviours of François’ Langur (Trachypithecus francoisi) in the Limestone Forest of Nonggang, Guangxi, South-West China

Chen

Huang

et al. 2019

IJFP

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Primates' positional behaviours provide information for understanding relationships among morphology, ecology and behavioural flexibility. From September 2005 to August 2006, we collected data via instantaneous scan sampling on positional behaviours in François' langurs at Nonggang Nature Reserve, south-west China. We predicted that these langurs would use (1) leaping as the predominant locomotor mode and (2) bipedal standing more frequently in the rainy season than in the dry season. Our result showed that leaping was the dominant locomotor mode (38.38%), followed by quadrupedal walking (31.2%), vertical climbing (25.1%) and quadrupedal running (5.3%). The ground was the most frequently used stratum during movement (33.4%). Most locomotion through trees occurred on small-(48.7%) and medium-sized (47.6%) substrates. Locomotor mode, forest stratum use and substrate use during movement did not vary seasonally. When stationary, sitting was the most common posture (92.1%), followed by bipedal standing (3.7%), lying (3.5%), quadrupedal standing (0.6%), suspending (0.2%) and back-lying (< 0.1%). Posture varied significantly with the season. During resting, langurs used sitting and bipedal standing more frequently in the dry season, while adopting lying more frequently in the rainy season. During feeding, sitting was adopted more frequently in the rainy than in the dry season, whereas bipedal standing was used more frequently in the dry season. Langurs spent more feeding time on the ground in the dry than in the rainy season. Locomotor patterns in François' langurs are likely linked to morphological and anatomical characteristics, along with the limestone forest's structure. Our result completely supported prediction 1 but not prediction 2. This study suggests that seasonal variation in positional behaviour might result from the temporal difference in spatial distribution of foods and behavioural thermoregulation strategy. We found that François' langurs adjusted positional behaviour in response to seasonality, and this behavioural flexibility allows them to survive in a variety of habitats, including limestone forests.

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Effect of body mass distribution on the ontogeny of positional behaviors in non‐human primates: Longitudinal follow‐up of infant captive olive baboons (Papio anubis)

Druelle

Aerts

Bérillon

2016

American J Primatol

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The diversity of primates' positional capabilities is unique among mammals. Indeed, they exhibit a daily repertoire composed of various locomotor and postural modes that may be linked to their particular morphological pattern. Because ontogeny undergoes parallel behavioral and morphological modifications, it may be useful to investigate the biomechanical consequences of the changing body shape. We, therefore, collected accurate quantitative and longitudinal data on positional behaviors, body mass distribution patterns, activities, and environment on a sample of six infant olive baboons, Papio anubis. These baboons are kept at the Primatology Station of the CNRS, France, where they live within the same social group. Individual behaviors were quantified using the focal sampling method. The body mass distribution was estimated according to a geometric model based on direct external measurements. Multivariate analysis enabled us to analyze the interactions between the data. Our results show that body mass distribution changes together with the ontogenetic changes in positional behaviors. At an early age, individuals have distally heavy segment masses in the limbs and an important fraction of the behavioral repertoire involves efficient grasping abilities. At the end of infancy, the same individuals have relatively more mass in proximal segments of the limbs and the proportion of quadrupedal walking is significantly higher while other climbing and suspensory behaviors decreased substantially. The present study experimentally confirms the association between body mass distribution and the positional repertoire of primates. These relationships, when interpreted in the context of basic biomechanical concepts, may improve our understanding of primate locomotion. We discuss further the implications of these functional relationships when modeling the evolutionary pathway of primates. Am. J. Primatol. 78:1201-1221, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Factors Influencing Positional Behavior and Habitat Use of Sympatric Macaques in the Limestone Habitat of Nonggang, China

Cited by 20 publications

References 42 publications

Macaca leonina has a wider niche breadth than sympatric M. mulatta in a fragmented tropical forest in southwest China

Macaca leonina has a wider niche breadth than sympatric M. mulatta in a fragmented tropical forest in southwest China

Positional Behaviours of François’ Langur (Trachypithecus francoisi) in the Limestone Forest of Nonggang, Guangxi, South-West China

Effect of body mass distribution on the ontogeny of positional behaviors in non‐human primates: Longitudinal follow‐up of infant captive olive baboons (Papio anubis)

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