Factors Influencing Emergence of Tularemia, Hungary, 1984–2010

Gyuranecz, Miklós; Reiczigel, Jenő; Krisztalovics, Katalin; Monse, L.; Szabóné, Gabriella Kükedi; Szilágyi, Andrásné; Szépe, B.; Makrai, László; Magyar, Tibor; Bhide, Mangesh; Erdélyi, Károly

doi:10.3201/eid1808.111826

Cited by 35 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…High numbers of bacterial isolates from rodents and vectors suggest they play a role in maintaining an enzootic cycle in Georgia, similar to findings from the former Soviet republics and Europe (Olsuf'ev and Rudnev 1960, Gyuranecz et al 2012, Rossow et al 2014. The common vole has been implicated in the spillover to other species and in the enzootic maintenance of the bacteria (World Health Organization 2007, Rossow et al 2014, Hestvik et al 2015.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Research in Hungary hypothesized that population dynamics of the common vole (2-to 3-year cycles) and peak densities drive the ecology and spillover of F. tularensis subsp. holarctica (Gyuranecz et al 2012). We documented perturbations in the population density of the common vole, limited to one region, but did not find a correlation with isolation rates (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…The common vole was the most abundant rodent trapped and had the highest rates of bacterial isolation in our study; however, the susceptibility of different mammalian species to F. tularensis may have influenced these findings (World Health Organziation 2007). The role of the common vole in facilitating spillover to other species in Georgia through contamination of the environment requires further investigation (World Health Organziation 2007, Gyuranecz et al 2012, Rossow et al 2014.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental Monitoring and Surveillance of Rodents and Vectors for Francisella tularensis Following Outbreaks of Human Tularemia in Georgia

Kracalik

Burjanadze

et al. 2015

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Tularemia is a re-emerging bacterial zoonosis, broadly distributed across the northern hemisphere. In Georgia, there is a history of human tularemia outbreaks dating back to the 1940s. In response to outbreaks, health officials initiated long-term field surveillance and environmental monitoring. The objective of our study was to obtain information from 57 years of field surveys to identify species that play a role in the occurrence Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica in the environment in Georgia. We collected historical data on human outbreaks, field collections, population dynamics of the common vole (Microtus arvalis), and conducted surveys on small mammals and vectors from five regions in Georgia during 1956-2012. Bacterial isolation was conducted using standard culturing techniques, and isolation rates for species were obtained for a subset of years. We used a Spearman rank correlation to test for associations between the density of the common vole and isolation rates. From 1956 through 2012, there were four recorded outbreaks of human tularemia (362 cases). A total of 465 bacterial isolates of F. tularensis subsp. holarctica were obtained from 27 species and environmental samples. The number of isolations was highest in the common vole (M. arvalis; 149 isolates; 32%) and Dermacentor marginatus ticks (132 isolates; 28%); isolation rates ranged between 0-0.91% and 0-0.47%, respectively. Population dynamics of the common vole were not correlated with the isolation rate. Given the history of tularemia re-emergence in Georgia, continued field surveys and environmental monitoring may provide an early indication of outbreak risk in humans. In conclusion, our findings provide evidence of longstanding foci of F. tularensis subsp. holarctica that are likely maintained by the common vole-tick cycle.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental Monitoring and Surveillance of Rodents and Vectors for Francisella tularensis Following Outbreaks of Human Tularemia in Georgia

Kracalik

Burjanadze

et al. 2015

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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“…In Hungary, hares have been serologically surveyed yearly since 1984. For the period 1992-2010, the overall serological prevalence in 140 935 hares tested was 6·6% [34]. Studies finding serologically positive animals have also been published from Austria, the Czech Republic and Germany.…”

Section: Serological Investigations 1992-2012mentioning

confidence: 99%

The status of tularemia in Europe in a one-health context: a review

et al. 2014

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SUMMARYThe bacterium Francisella tularensis causes the vector-borne zoonotic disease tularemia, and may infect a wide range of hosts including invertebrates, mammals and birds. Transmission to humans occurs through contact with infected animals or contaminated environments, or through arthropod vectors. Tularemia has a broad geographical distribution, and there is evidence which suggests local emergence or re-emergence of this disease in Europe. This review was developed to provide an update on the geographical distribution of F. tularensis in humans, wildlife, domestic animals and vector species, to identify potential public health hazards, and to characterize the epidemiology of tularemia in Europe. Information was collated on cases in humans, domestic animals and wildlife, and on reports of detection of the bacterium in arthropod vectors, from 38 European countries for the period 1992-2012. Multiple international databases on human and animal health were consulted, as well as published reports in the literature. Tularemia is a disease of complex epidemiology that is challenging to understand and therefore to control. Many aspects of this disease remain poorly understood. Better understanding is needed of the epidemiological role of animal hosts, potential vectors, mechanisms of maintenance in the different ecosystems, and routes of transmission of the disease.

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“…It seroconverts, develops subacute granulomatous lesions after infection and serves as a reservoir species for F. tularensis ssp. holarctica in central and eastern Europe (Gyuranecz et al, 2010;Gyuranecz et al, 2012b). Cattle (Bos taurus) are relatively resistant to tularaemia.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Complement sensitivity and factor H binding of European Francisella tularensis ssp. holarctica strains in selected animal species

Kreizinger

Bhide

Bencúrová

et al. 2015

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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Francisella tularensis is a Gram-negative bacterium, the causative agent of the zoonotic disease tularaemia. The bacterium has developed several extracellular and intracellular strategies to evade the hosts' innate and adaptive immune responses. The aims of the study were to examine complement sensitivity of wild and attenuated F. tularensis ssp. holarctica strains in animal hosts of distinct sensitivity to the bacterium, to compare the complement-evading ability of wild strains of different phylogeographic background, and to examine the role of factor H in the host-pathogen interactions. Complement sensitivity assays were carried out on various F. tularensis ssp. holarctica wild strains and on the attenuated live vaccine strain (LVS) with sera of the highly sensitive house mouse (Mus musculus), the moderately sensitive European brown hare (Lepus europaeus) and the relatively resistant cattle (Bos taurus). Specific binding of complement regulator factor H to bacterial membrane proteins was examined by Western blot assays. All wild strains interacted with the hosts' complement system and showed no significant differences in their survivability. The attenuated LVS was resistant to serum killing in mouse, but was lysed in the sera of hare and cattle. Direct binding of factor H to F. tularensis membrane proteins was not detected.

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Factors Influencing Emergence of Tularemia, Hungary, 1984–2010

Cited by 35 publications

References 6 publications

Environmental Monitoring and Surveillance of Rodents and Vectors for Francisella tularensis Following Outbreaks of Human Tularemia in Georgia

Environmental Monitoring and Surveillance of Rodents and Vectors for Francisella tularensis Following Outbreaks of Human Tularemia in Georgia

The status of tularemia in Europe in a one-health context: a review

Complement sensitivity and factor H binding of European Francisella tularensis ssp. holarctica strains in selected animal species

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