Factors in daily physical activity related to calcaneal mineral density in men

Abstract

HUTCHINSON, T. M., R. T. WItALEN, T. M. CLEEK, J. M. VO-GEL, and S. B. ARNAUD. Factors in daily physical activity related to calcaneal mineral density in men. Med. Sci. Sports Exert., Vol. 27, No. 5, pp. 745-75(i, 1995. To determine the factors in daily physical activity that influence the mineral density of the calcaneus, we recorded walking steps and the type and duration of exercise in 43 healthy 26-to 51-yr-old men. Areal (g-cm 2) calcaneal bone mineral density (CBMD) was measured by single energy x-ray densitometry (SXA, Osteon, Inc., Wahiawa, HI). Subjects walked a mean (_+SD) of 7902 ('+_2534)steps per day or approximately 3.9 (+-1.2) miles daily. Eight subjects reported no exercise activities. The remaining 35 subjects spent 143 (2-772) (median and range) min.wk _ exercising. Twenty-eight men engaged in exercise activities that generate single leg peak vertical ground reaction forces (GRF:_) of 2 or more body weights (high loaders, HL), and 15 reported exercise or daily activities that typically generate GRFL less than 1.5 body weights (low loaders, LL). CBMD was 12% higher in HI_, than LL ((I.668 + 0.074 g.cm -2 vs (I.597 +_ 0.062 g.cm -, P < 0.004). In the HL group, CBMD correlated to reported minutes of high load exercise (r = 0.41, P < 0.03). CBMD was not related to the number of daily walking steps (N = 43, r = 0.03, NS). The results of this study support the concept that the dominant factor in daily physical activity relating to bone mineral density is the participation in site specific high loading activities, i.e., for the calcaneus, high calcaneal loads.

Daily impact score in long-term acceleration measurements of exercise

“…Similarly, in young adult men, a higher lifetime OI was associated with increased bone circumference and cortical bone area (Nilsson et al, 2009). Hutchinson et al (1995) found that calcaneal BMD was related with reported minutes of high load exercises, but not with daily number of steps. The present study using objective continuous accelerometric measurements enabled quantification of all daily loadings to give more detailed information on the osteogenic response of daily activities.…”

The Influence of Physical Activity and Fractures on Ultrasound Parameters in Elderly People

“…An increase of 5 points on the activity score is equivalent to, for example, going for a walk or cycling for 2.5 h per week. Several intervention studies in elderly people have shown that especially weightbearing activities, leading to high strains in the skeleton, may be beneficial to maintain bone mass [17,26,27], but other studies were unable to demonstrate such an effect of physical activity on bone mass [28,29]. Although these results suggest a protective effect of daily physical activity for skeletal integrity, physical activity in this very elderly population may be an indication of the level of physical activity in the past.…”

Pedometer determined ambulatory activity and bone mass: a population-based longitudinal study in older adults

“…Our data showed sex did not modify the relationship between steps and hip aBMD, thus the positive effect of steps was the same in males and females. Two previous studies looking at men found that regular aerobic exercise [21] and walking [22] had no measurable effect on bone mass. The contradictory findings between our and the aforementioned studies may relate to the age of participants.…”

“…The majority of research on walking, and even to an extent, physical activity and bone mass has been done in postmenopausal women. The limited studies in men showed regular aerobic exercise [21] or walking [22] had no measurable effect on BMD.…”