Factors Associated With Tobacco Sales to Minors

Contextual and community factors associated with youth access to cigarettes through commercial sources

“…Results of our investigation suggest that, after controlling for a range of community-level characteristics, only a few retail-level characteristics are important. Whereas results of previous studies indicated associations between sales of cigarettes to minors and various characteristics of youth buyers, store clerks, the retail environment and factors related to the purchase attempt,11–17 19 22 we only found the buyer's actual age, being a male clerk, and clerks asking young buyers about their age related to successful cigarette purchases by underage-appearing buyers. This supports our argument about the importance of studying a full range of both contextual and community characteristics in order to highlight ways to tailor policies to reduce youth access to cigarettes via commercial sources more effectively.…”

An Examination of Factors Influencing Illegal Tobacco Sales to Minors

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"May I Buy a Pack of Marlboros, Please?" A Systematic Review of Evidence to Improve the Validity and Impact of Youth Undercover Buy Inspections

“…Details about each record are presented in S1 Table . Of these, 11 reported on age of youth [ 28 , 29 , 31 – 39 ], 13 on gender of youth [ 28 – 33 , 35 – 41 ], six on race/ethnicity of youth [ 22 , 28 , 29 , 37 , 40 , 41 ], and 14 on community characteristics associated with retailer sales rates [ 22 , 28 , 29 , 35 , 36 , 39 – 47 ].…”

“…The dose-response between these variables is striking: Authors in a 1996–1997 Massachusetts study reported a 4.2% buy rate for 13-year-old minors while 16-year-old minors had a 30.5% buy rate [ 34 ]. In a national study of FDA inspections, the odds of a tobacco sale to a 17-year-old minor were 2.43 times greater than for a 15-year-old minor [ 36 ].…”

“…The pattern of results suggests that girls are more likely to be sold tobacco products than boys. Indeed, of the studies at low risk of confounding, seven studies found positive associations between female gender and sales [ 28 , 31 – 33 , 36 , 37 , 39 ]. Five studies found no significant differences [ 29 , 30 , 38 , 40 , 41 ].…”