Factors Associated with Smoking in Pregnancy

Abstract

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify factors related to smoking during pregnancy. The sample included 267 puerperae hospitalized in the maternity unit of a university hospital in Porto Alegre/RS. The data were collected through a self-applied instrument and statistically analyzed. The majority of the puerperae (51.3%) were between 18 and 25 years old, 55.4% were nonsmokers, 25.5% were smokers, 19.1% had recently ceased smoking (in abstinence). The nonsmokers had more consultations than the smokers and the abstinent smokers (p=0.025). The number of women who had more than one child was higher among smokers than among nonsmokers and abstinent smokers (p=0.002).Women were more likely to stop smoking before pregnancy when they had a partner who was a nonsmoker (p=0.007). Several factors influence smoking and smoking cessation and these are important in prenatal interventions aimed at pregnant women and their partners. Descritores: Tabagismo; Gravidez; Cuidado Pré-Natal; Abandono do Uso de Tabaco. Factores asociados al tabaquismo en la gestaciónSe trata de un estudio descriptivo transversal que tuvo por objetivo identificar los factores relacionados al tabaquismo en la gestación. La muestra incluyó 267 puérperas atendidas en una unidad de internación obstétrica de un hospital universitario de Porto Alegre/RS. Los datos fueron recolectados por instrumentos auto-aplicados y analizados estadísticamente. La mayoría de las puérperas (51,3%) tenía entre 18 y 25 años, siendo 55,4% no-fumantes, 25,5% fumantes en abstinencia y 19,1% fumantes. Las nofumantes consultaron más que las fumantes y fumantes en abstinencia (p=0,025). El número de mujeres con más de un hijo fue mayor entre las fumantes (p=0,002), y las que se mostraron más propensas a parar de fumar antes de la gestación fueron las que tenían un compañero no fumante (p=0,007). Los factores que influyen el tabaquismo y su cesación son diversos, lo que determina intervenciones en el prenatal dirigidas a las necesidades de las gestantes y sus compañeros.Descriptores: Tabaquismo; Embarazo; Atención Prenatal; Cese del Uso de Tabaco.

Smoking during pregnancy and harm reduction in birth weight: a cross-sectional study

“…Others may be encouraged to quit smoking, through concerted counseling about the risks of smoking to fetus and mother that begins at the initiation of prenatal care [18]. On the whole, pregnant women are receptive to educational measures and health promotion [17] and are more likely to consider smoking cessation in the context of the frequent contact with health professionals during prenatal care [9]. Accordingly, the prenatal protocol of the Brazilian Health Ministry [16] instructs that smoking pregnant women be identified in prenatal medical visits, advised to quit and offered support to achieve this goal.…”

“…Cigarettes are among the most frequently used drugs in pregnancy [9]. A Brazilian study identified greater chance of smoking during pregnancy in women with a higher number of previous pregnancies and who did not undergo prenatal care [8].…”

“…Smoking in pregnancy is also associated with cognitive disabilities in the newborn, slower fetal growth, abortion and premature birth [8, 9]. …”

The Modified Reasons for Smoking Scale: factorial structure, validity and reliability in pregnant smokers

“…Respondents mentioned emotional state, addiction to cigarettes, experiencing pleasure in smoking and influence of others, more specific, of a smoking partner, as factors that hinder smoking cessation. This study, however, was not carried out in pregnant women, but took place between 24 and 48 hours after birth [9]. Smoking pregnant women reported significantly higher scores on a depression scale [Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scale] compared with non‐smoking pregnant women [10].…”

Violência física por parceiro íntimo na gestação: prevalência e alguns fatores associados

“…A violência física mostrou associação com o tabagismo da mulher durante a gestação, o que pode ter algumas interpretações como uma possível perda da autoestima que leva a mulher a adquirir comportamentos de risco, como o hábito de fumar para aliviar o estresse e o sofrimento causados pela violência (16), assim como a convivência com parceiros tabagistas exercendo uma importante influência quanto a não cessação do hábito durante a gestação (17). Lembrando que as associações aqui encontradas não podem ser consideradas uma relação de causa e efeito, devido o delineamento do estudo.…”