Factors Associated With Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Ouldali, Naïm; Yang, David Dawei; Madhi, Fouad; Levy, Michaël; Gaschignard, Jean; Craiu, Irina; Guiddir, Tamazoust; Schweitzer, Cyril; Wiedemann, Arnaud; Lorrot, Mathie; Romain, Anne-Sophie; Garraffo, Aurélie; Haas, H.; Rouget, Sébastien; Pontual, Loïc de; Aupiais, Camille; Martinot, A.; Toubiana, Julie; Dupic, Laurent; Minodier, Philippe; Passard, Manon; Belot, Alexandre; Lévy, Corinne; Béchet, Stéphane; Jung, Camille; Sarakbi, Mayssa; Ducrocq, Sarah; Danékova, Névéna; Jhaouat, Imen; Vignaud, Olivier; Garrec, Nathalie; Caron, Elisabeth; Cohen, Robert; Gajdos, Vincent; Angoulvant, François

doi:10.1542/peds.2020-023432

Cited by 81 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4] However, a subset of children present with severe multisystem inflammation associated with current or recent SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 exposure in the weeks before. [5][6][7][8][9][10] In the United States, this condition has been termed multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). 11 While data have been published on the epidemiological characteristics and clinical spectrum of MIS-C, 5,[12][13][14][15][16][17] information on incidence of MIS-C is limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Among US Persons Infected With SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2021

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IMPORTANCE Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is associated with recent or current SARS-CoV-2 infection. Information on MIS-C incidence is limited. OBJECTIVE To estimate population-based MIS-C incidence per 1 000 000 person-months and to estimate MIS-C incidence per 1 000 000 SARS-CoV-2 infections in persons younger than 21 years. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study used enhanced surveillance data to identify persons with MIS-C during April to June 2020, in 7 jurisdictions reporting to both the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention national surveillance and to Overcoming COVID-19, a multicenter MIS-C study. Denominators for population-based estimates were derived from census estimates;denominators for incidence per 1 000 000 SARS-CoV-2 infections were estimated by applying published age-and month-specific multipliers accounting for underdetection of reported COVID-19 case counts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Among US Persons Infected With SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2021

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“…Since December 2019, this virus was responsible for a pandemic that reached more than 100 million people and caused 2.3 million deaths worldwide as of February 2021 1 . Children are less often affected than adults and have exceptionally severe illness (1)(2)(3)(4). At the beginning of the pandemic, the disease was assumed to be transmitted mainly via children, as observed during influenza epidemics; school closures proved effective in limiting the spread of the disease (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All of these drawbacks were even greater in low-income families (17). In this context, France made many efforts to keep schools open even with high viral circulation 3 . Until high COVID-19 vaccination coverage is reached with a vaccinated population of all ages, other effective measures should be implemented to limit the spread of the epidemic among children who are often asymptomatic carriers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Face Masks in Young Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Parents' and Pediatricians' Point of View

et al. 2021

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Background: In countries with high SARS-CoV-2 circulation, the pandemic has presented many challenges on different fronts, affecting lives and livelihoods; efforts to keep schools open are among the most important. In France, to keep schools open, wearing a face mask has been mandatory for children from age 6 years since November 2020.Objective: To evaluate the acceptability and tolerance of this measure by children as well as both parents and pediatricians.Setting: Parents registered on the website of the French Association of Ambulatory Pediatrics and pediatricians members of this association.Participants: All parents and pediatricians who agreed to take part in the survey.Results: Among the 2,954 questionnaires for the parents' survey, the reasons for wearing a mask were understood by 54.6% of parents, most of whom (84.6%) explained the reasons to their children. The parents applied this measure because it was mandatory (93.4%) even if they disagreed (63.3%). When interviewed by parents, children said they were usually embarrassed (80.9%) by the mask. The main symptoms or changes of behavior attributed to the mask according to parents were headache (49.0%), speaking difficulties (45%), change in mood (45.2%) and breathing discomfort (28.1%). Among the 663 pediatricians who responded, many agreed with mandatory mask-wearing at age 6 years (67.7%). Overall, 15% of pediatricians systematically asked about the mask tolerance during the consultation. During the medical consultation, when the parents complained about the mask (64.3%), the main drawbacks were related to fog on glasses (reported by 68.2% of pediatricians), breathing discomfort (53.1% of pediatricians), cutaneous disorders (42.4% of pediatricians) and headaches (38.2% of pediatricians).Conclusion: Despite the many inconveniences reported, children agree to wear the mask better than their parents think. Pediatricians should sufficiently take the opportunity during the consultation to further explain the reasons for wearing the mask because their pedagogical role is crucial.

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“…On the other hand, preliminary reports suggested that severe pediatric COVID-19 cases were more frequent in younger infants (<1 year of age; Gotzinger et al, 2020;Liu et al, 2020;Yang et al, 2020a), however, recent reports did not confirm this trend. COVID-19 severity in children seems to be associated with age ≥ 10 years, hypoxemia, obesity, and one or more underlying medical conditions (Bellino et al, 2020;Dong et al, 2020;Shekerdemian et al, 2020;Feldstein et al, 2021;Fernandes et al, 2021;Ouldali et al, 2021).…”

Section: Covid-19 In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette Smoke Exposure, Pediatric Lung Disease, and COVID-19

et al. 2021

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The detrimental effects of tobacco exposure on children’s health are well known. Nonetheless, the prevalence of secondhand or direct cigarette smoke exposure (CSE) in the pediatric population has not significantly decreased over time. On the contrary, the rapid incline in use of e-cigarettes among adolescents has evoked public health concerns since increasing cases of vaping-induced acute lung injury have highlighted the potential harm of these new “smoking” devices. Two pediatric populations are especially vulnerable to the detrimental effects of cigarette smoke. The first group is former premature infants whose risk is elevated both due to their prematurity as well as other risk factors such as oxygen and mechanical ventilation to which they are disproportionately exposed. The second group is children and adolescents with chronic respiratory diseases, in particular asthma and other wheezing disorders. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a spectrum of diseases caused by infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has spread worldwide over the last year. Here, respiratory symptoms ranging from mild to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are at the forefront of COVID-19 cases among adults, and cigarette smoking is associated with worse outcomes in this population, and cigarette smoking is associated with worse outcomes in this population. Interestingly, SARS-CoV-2 infection affects children differently in regard to infection susceptibility, disease manifestations, and complications. Although children carry and transmit the virus, the likelihood of symptomatic infection is low, and the rates of hospitalization and death are even lower when compared to the adult population. However, multisystem inflammatory syndrome is recognized as a serious consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the pediatric population. In addition, recent data demonstrate specific clinical patterns in children infected with SARS-CoV-2 who develop multisystem inflammatory syndrome vs. severe COVID-19. In this review, we highlight the pulmonary effects of CSE in vulnerable pediatric populations in the context of the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

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Factors Associated With Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Cited by 81 publications

References 35 publications

Incidence of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Among US Persons Infected With SARS-CoV-2

Incidence of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Among US Persons Infected With SARS-CoV-2

Face Masks in Young Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Parents' and Pediatricians' Point of View

Cigarette Smoke Exposure, Pediatric Lung Disease, and COVID-19

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