Factors affecting foveal avascular zone in healthy eyes: An examination using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography

Fujiwara, Atsushi; Morizane, Yuki; Hosokawa, Mio; Kimura, Shuhei; Shiode, Yusuke; Hirano, Masayuki; Doi, Shinichiro; Toshima, Shinji; Takahashi, Kosuke; Hosogi, Mika; Shiraga, Fumio

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0188572

Cited by 81 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Hence, we decided to enrol participants aged more than 54 (Fujiwara et al. ). However, a study on Chinese population showed that the FAZ area is larger in women than in men (man mean, 0.42 mm 2 ; woman mean, 0.52 mm 2 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The age cut‐off was chosen based on results from a study by Fujiwara et al. (). The measurement was performed automatically by the software in the superficial layers of the retina.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the published studies in different locations showed differences in these parameters among different ethnic groups (Fujiwara et al. ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of foveal avascular zone and retinal vascular density in healthy Chinese and Caucasian adults

Wylęgała

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2019

Acta Ophthalmologica

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Purpose: The aim of this study was to measure and compare the retinal vascular parameters and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in Chinese and Caucasian populations by using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). Methods: Fifty-one eyes of Han Chinese and 43 eyes of Caucasians were retrospectively included in our study. The measurements were acquired using Zeiss Cirrus 5000, with the same software version 10 in Poland and China. Results: The size of the FAZ was 0.33 AE 0.012 and 0.28 AE 0.014 mm 2 (p = 0.0289) and the diameter was 2.43 AE 0.06 and 2.18 AE 0.07 mm (p = 0.0057) for Chinese and Caucasian populations, respectively. However, no differences were observed in circularities between the populations. The full Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) vessel length density was significantly different for Chinese (17.05 AE 0.24 mm/mm 2 ) and Caucasian (16.08 AE 0.43 mm/mm 2 ) populations. In addition, the outer ETDRS vessel length density was significantly different for Chinese (16.43 AE 0.42 mm/mm 2 ) and Caucasian (17.47 AE 0.24 mm/mm 2 ) populations, but the central 7.33 AE 1.68 versus 9.32 AE 1.54 mm/mm 2 for the Caucasian and Chinese and inner 16.14 AE 0.52 for Caucasian and 16.93 AE 0.27 mm/mm 2 for Chinese subjects density was not. A significant yet weak positive correlation between FAZ and vessel density was observed (r = 0.216). Furthermore, no significant intersexual differences were observed in study parameters. Conclusion: The Chinese population had larger FAZ with higher vessel length density in the superficial layers of the retina than the Caucasian population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The age cut‐off was chosen based on results from a study by Fujiwara et al. (). The measurement was performed automatically by the software in the superficial layers of the retina.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of foveal avascular zone and retinal vascular density in healthy Chinese and Caucasian adults

Wylęgała

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2019

Acta Ophthalmologica

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“…Another fact that should be highlighted is the occurrence of variation of retinal capillary density and age-related FAZ dimensions [12,13], highlighting the importance of new findings from OCT-A. This has been reported in other ischemic diseases, such as diabetic retinopathies [11,14,18,19] and sickle cell disease [20,21], in addition to glaucoma [22], with possible involvement at the level of the deep plexus, in addition to the histological variation found in this plexus, with greater distancing of the fovea and increased dimensions compared to the superficial plexus [23]. However, such enlargement is not easily interpreted, since there is variation in the size of this area also in the general population, since in a single individual this measurement can usually be large or abnormally increased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Foveal Avascular Zone in Hypertension as Measured by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Sá¹,

Gadelha²,

Melo³

et al. 2019

CTOY

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Purpose: To investigate the Foveal Avascular Zone (FAZ) area in patients with arterial hypertension using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A).Material and methods: The study was permormed at the School Clinic of UNIFACISA and at the Eye Care Center. It was included 21 hypertensive patients (study group) and 19 individuals without hypertension (control group). It was excluded patientes with diabetes or glaucoma. The measurement of the FAZ areas was performed by the DRI OCT-1Triton/Plus. For the quantitative variables, the results were expressed by their means and standard deviations. Qualitative variables were expressed by their absolute and relative frequencies. Student’s t-test was used to verify differences between means and Fisher’s exact test for differences between frequencies. For evaluating the correlation between the superficial and deep plexus areas, the Pearson correlation test was used. P value ≤ 0.05, rejected the null hypothesis. The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical School from Campina Grande -UNIFACISA and all individuals signed the free and informed consent form.Results: The means of the superficial FAZ of both eyes was significantly higher in the study group (right eye 410.7 ± 160.7 μm2 - 319.1 ± 108.2 μm2 - p = 0.0433); (left eye: 405.4 ± 144.8 μm2 versus 309.4 ± 87.7 μm2- p = 0.0174). The means of the deep FAZ areas of the right and left eyes were similar between the study and control groups (right eye: 559.6 ± 253.28 μm2 versus 605.1 ± 226.8 μm2 - p = 0.5548); (left eye: 673.2 ± 170.8 μm2 versus 585.6 ± 171.2 μm2 - p = 0.1142). The relationships between the superficial and deep plexus areas of both eyes showed a weak correlation between the two plexuses. (r = 0.4734), left eye (r = 0.2287), study group - right eye: (r = 0.4374), left eye (r = 0.3580).Conclusion: The area of superficial FAZ of the right and left eyes was significantly higher in the hypertensive patients. The deep FAZ area of both eyes, however showed similar mean areas between the study and control groups.

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“…CRT has been known to be associated with FAZ area [16]. We addressed the association between PVD and CRT that was defined as the mean retinal thickness within 1mm ETDRS circle on macular thickness map.…”

Section: Pvd Stage and Central Retinal Thickness (Crt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Posterior vitreous detachment and macular microvasculature in the elderly

et al. 2020

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To investigate the association between different stages of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) and macular microvasculature in the elderly. Methods Swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography, and color fundus images of 490 eyes without retinal pathologies of 322 participants aged �65 years were evaluated. PVD was classified using enhanced vitreous visualization mode as no apparent PVD (stage 0/1), vitreous adhesions at the fovea and optic disc (stage 2), adhesion at the optic disc (stage 3), or complete PVD (stage 4). Microvascular parameters, including foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and vessel density (VD), were analyzed for their associations with complete PVD. Additionally, the association between PVD and central retinal thickness (CRT) was also addressed. Results Overall, 80, 31, 31, and 349 eyes were categorized into stages 0/1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Using multivariate mixed-effects model, the mean superficial FAZ area was smaller in stage 4 compared with stages 0-3 (0.29 vs. 0.32 mm 2 ; P = 0.014), and the mean superficial VD was lower in stage 4 compared with stages 0-3 (34.96% vs. 35.24%; P = 0.0089). However, PVD was not significantly associated with deep macular microvascular parameters or CRT. Conclusions Complete PVD was associated with smaller FAZ area and lower VD in superficial macular microvasculature, while it was not associated with central retinal thickness.

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Factors affecting foveal avascular zone in healthy eyes: An examination using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography

Cited by 81 publications

References 42 publications

Comparison of foveal avascular zone and retinal vascular density in healthy Chinese and Caucasian adults

Comparison of foveal avascular zone and retinal vascular density in healthy Chinese and Caucasian adults

Foveal Avascular Zone in Hypertension as Measured by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Posterior vitreous detachment and macular microvasculature in the elderly

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