Factor Structure of Urdu Version of the Flourishing Scale

Abstract

Background: A great deal of research has been carried out on the assessment of the eudaimonic perspective of psychological well-being and the hedonic perspective of subjective well-being. The Flourishing Scale (FS) has been extensively used in research and practice, as it assesses the fundamental aspects of social psychological functioning. Nevertheless, the psychometric properties of Urdu versions of eudaimonic measures, such as the FS, have not yet been ascertained. The translation and validation of the FS in the Urdu language was not available, and hence this study was planned with the aim to validate the Urdu version of the FS.Methods: We assessed the psychometric properties of the FS in a sample of adults aged 18 years and above in Pakistan (N = 130) using exploratory factor analysis based on principal component analysis with varimax rotation and confirmatory factor analysis.Results: The exploratory factor analysis confirmed the unidimensional nature of the 8-item FS. We assessed that the Urdu version of the FS showed a high internal consistency reliability (α = 0.914) with a significant intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), p < 0.001). In our study, the Kaiser–Mayer–Olkin value was 0.915 with a chi-square test value (χ2) of 637.687, and Bartlett's test of sphericity was significant (df = 28, p < 0.001). The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) at test–retest for all domains were statistically significant (p < 0.001) and showed excellent agreement for all the items. The revised confirmatory factor analysis revealed a good-fit model, but with item 8—“People respect me”—removed due to its lower factor loading.Conclusions: The findings suggest that the FS is a psychometrically sound instrument for assessing social psychological functioning among adults in Pakistan. Therefore, the validated Urdu version of the FS may be used in future studies of well-being in clinical psychology and positive psychology.

The satisfaction with life scale: Psychometric properties in Pakistani population

“…Lai, Chung, Lee, Kong Lok (2013) have suggested a 1:10 ratio to determine sample size in validation studies. Choudhry, Al-Worafi, Akram, Ahmed et al (2018) have also used this method in their validation study to establish the factor structure of the Urdu version of the Flourishing Scale ( 12 ). Based on the method of 10 participants for every single item, the minimum sample size for this study was calculated to be 50.…”

“…Confirmation of factor structure in the Urdu-speaking population is important due to the large size of this population in the world. Moreover, Pakistan’s population is 207.8 million as of 2017 and the majority of this population speaks and understands Urdu ( 11 , 12 ). However, the SWLS studies conducted in Pakistan do not provide information on the psychometric properties of the Urdu version of the SWLS.…”

Measurement Invariance of the Flourishing Scale among a Large Sample of Canadian Adolescents

“…The FS provides a single score of respondents' self-perceived psychological wellbeing [19]. Over the last decade, the tool has been validated across several populations (e.g., post-secondary students [25][26][27][28], older adults [29] and with respect to different cultural contexts and languages (e.g., Arabic [30], Chinese [31][32][33], Dutch [34,35], French [36], Greek [37], Persian [38], Portuguese [39,40], Spanish [41][42][43], Urdu [44])). Yet, while the FS has been shown to have strong psychometric properties across adult age groups [26,45], research among adolescents in Canada or elsewhere has been limited.…”

Psychometric Properties and Measurement Invariance of the Arabic Version of the Flourishing Scale

“…The FS has been validated in different contexts and translated into various languages around the world, including Chinese (Duan & Xie, 2019;Tang, Duan, Wang, & Liu, 2016;Tong & Wang, 2017), Dutch (Schotanus-Dijkstra et al, 2016, French (Villieux, Sovet, Jung, & Guilbert, 2016), Italian (Giuntoli, Ceccarini, Sica, & Caudek, 2017), Japanese (Sumi, 2014a;Sumi, 2014b), Mandarin (Lin, 2015), Persian (Fassih-Ramandi, Soleimani, Allen, Gorgulu, & Motalebi, 2020;Khodarahimi, 2013), Portuguese (da Fonseca, da Silva, Macedo, Vione, & Veloso, 2015;Silva & Caetano, 2013), Russian (Didino, Taran, Barysheva, & Casati, 2019), Spanish (Checa, Perales, & Espejo, 2018;Pozo-Munoz, Garzon-Umerenkova, Bretones-Nieto, & Ligia-Charry, 2016;Ramires-Maestre et al, 2017), and Urdu (Choudhry et al, 2018). It has been found to have well-established psychometric properties in these validation studies.…”