Fact Checkers Facing Fake News and Disinformation in the Digital Age: A Comparative Analysis between Spain and United Kingdom

Abstract

The current media ecosystem, derived from the consolidation of Information and Communication Technologies, shows a scenario in which the relationship between the media and their audience is being redefined. This represents a challenge for journalistic practice. In the digital age, the public actively participates in the construction and dissemination of news through social networks. Faced with this loss of control by the media, fake news and disinformation are emerging as one of the main problems of journalistic practice in a competitive business context, and with a high saturation of news content. In this situation, fact checkers emerge as key players in the information verification process. This research comparatively analyses the main fact checkers in Spain and the United Kingdom through content analysis applied to their corporate websites to understand their characteristics and working methodologies. The results underline that they are concerned with the concepts of transparency and honesty, along with showing their funding streams. The rigorousness of the verification process also stands out, as well as the importance of dialogue with the audience in their work. While in Spain they are featured by their non-profit nature and their international coverage, UK fact checkers focus on national information and are sometimes conceived as a business.

Towards Norms for State Responsibilities regarding Online Disinformation and Influence Operations

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Fake News in the Post-COVID-19 Era? The Health Disinformation Agenda in Spain

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Asustar para desestabilizar: desinformación sobre la COVID-19 en Argentina y España

“…El contexto se complejiza con una disminución creciente de la confianza en las instituciones periodísticas (Bennett & Livingstone, 2018). Estas retroalimentan ( Arceneaux & Johnson, 2015) y aumentan la polarización (Bergmann, 2020), en ocasiones adoptan rasgos discursivos populistas por motivos de audiencia (Mazzoleni, 2003) y han modificado algunas de sus prácticas para satisfacer las demandas de una actualidad instantánea (López-Marcos & Vicente-Fernández, 2021). Así, el espacio digital ofrece herramientas de fácil uso para crear material desinformativo en formato de noticia (Tandoc et al, 2017), mientras la ciudadanía precisa de nuevas competencias para descifrar qué es verdadero y qué es ficticio (Waisbord, 2018) en un intrincado ambiente de desorden informativo (Wardle & Derakhshan, 2017).…”