Facilitating Effective Cross‐Cultural Relationships: The White Counselor and the Black Client

A Psychometric Review of Career Assessment Tools for Use With Diverse Individuals

“…Relatedly, it will be important to examine the needs of &dquo;multiple status&dquo; individuals such as female African Americans and older workers with physical disabilities. Such individuals may have unique needs and face unique stressors (see Betz & Fitzgerald, 1995;Espin, 1993;Kunce & Vales, 1984;Todisco & Salomone, 1991;Ward & Bingham, 1993).…”

“…These include early educational experiences such as teachers' encouragement to take vocational courses rather than college preparatory courses, tracking into particular careers or jobs based on group membership, less access to vocational guidance and assessment, and others' stereotypes based on group status (e.g., family expectations, counselor bias) (Bowman, 1995;Brown, 1994;Brown, Minor, & Jepsen, 1991;Feldman & Doerpinghaus, 1992;Fouad, 1995;Hackett & Lonborg, 1993;Rosen & Jerdee, 1990;Todisco & Salomone, 1991). Other institutional practices may discourage diverse individuals from seeking or obtaining employment in specific organizations.…”

“…Given the influential role career specialists play in shaping client's career choices, it is recommended that they have an understanding of, and sensitivity toward, the diverse individual's personal history and the issues that may be pertinent to the client based on his or her group status (Fouad & Spreda, 1995;Todisco & Salomone, 1991). Recently, several self-assessment tools have emerged that can be used by career specialists to determine their level of expertise in dealing with dissimilar clients (e.g., Sodowsky, Taffe, Gutkin, & Wise, 1994; Ward & Bingham, 1993).…”

Annual Review: Practice and Research in Career Counseling and Development, 1991

“…For example, counselors should foster intrinsic motivation in students by emphasizing studentgenerated versus counselor-or teacher-transmitted knowledge. Todisco and Salomone (1991) suggested several parameters that will enable White counselors to work with Black clients more effectively, most paramount of which seemed to be t h a t White counselors need a working sense of Afrocentricity. They also suggested approaches such as group-oriented counseling and affrmation counseling.…”

Group Counseling for African American Males: When All You Have Are European American Counselors

“…Not only is peer group interaction highly valued during adolescence and an important means of social identification and emotional support, but grouporiented practices best reflect the communal nature of the African American experience (Gopaul-McNicol & Thomas-Presswood, 1998;Lee, 1989;Todisco & Salomone, 1991). Believing that school counselors must be proactive in meeting the needs of all students, the following group was designed and implemented in a suburban high school in Baltimore County, outside of Baltimore, Maryland.…”