Facilitated Transport of Copper(II) across Polymer Inclusion Membrane with Triazole Derivatives as Carrier

Abstract

This study investigates copper(II) ion transport through a polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) containing 1-alkyl-1,2,4-triazole (n = 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14), o-nitrophenyl octyl ether as the plasticizer and cellulose triacetate as the polymer matrix. The feeding phase was a solution of 0.1 mol/dm3CuCl2 and an equimolar (0.1 mol/dm3) mixture of copper, nickel, and cobalt chlorides with varying concentrations of chloride anions (from 0.5 to 5.0 mol/dm3) established with NaCl. The receiving phase was demineralized water. The flow rate of the source and receiving phases through the membrane module was within the range from 0.5 cm3/min to 4.5 cm3/min. The tests were carried out at temperatures of 20, 30, 40 and 50 °C. Transport of NaCl through the membrane was excluded for the duration of the test. It was noted that the flow rate through the membrane changes depending on the length of the carbon chain in the alkyl substituent from 16.1 μmol/(m2s) to 1.59 μmol/(m2s) in the following order: C8> C9> C10> C11> C12> C14. The activation energy was 71.3 ± 3.0 kJ/mol, indicating ion transport through the PIM controlled with a chemical reaction. Results for transport in case of the concurrent separation of copper(II), nickel(II), and cobalt(II) indicate a possibility to separate them in a selective manner.

New Polymer Inclusion Membranes in the Separation of Palladium, Zinc and Nickel Ions from Aqueous Solutions

“…What is more, 1,2,4-triazoles and their amino derivatives have also been studied as extractants of Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions [23]. Moreover, the effectiveness of removing Cu(II) [24] and Ni(II) [25] ions during SX with 1-alkyl-1,2,4-triazoles has been investigated.…”

2,6-Bis((benzoyl-R)amino)pyridine (R = H, 4-Me, and 4-NMe2) Derivatives for the Removal of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Zn(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions in Classic Solvent Extraction and a Membrane Extraction

“…Other carrier groups applicable to the removal of metal ions are calixarenes (e.g., Ulewicz and co-authors used a p-tert-butylcalix [4]arene derivative to transport Pb(II) ions across PIMs [19], whereas a calix [4]-crown-6-derivative nest carrier was used to recover Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) ions by a PIM membrane [20]). However, research on the recovery of different metal ions from aqueous solutions is not based solely on the search for new compounds (extractants and carriers); well-known compounds with relatively simple structures are increasingly being used for this purpose [21,22]. Lately, 2,6-diaminopyridine has been applied for the removal of copper(II) and zinc(II) ions from aqueous solutions in a polymer inclusion membrane and in a classic solvent extraction processes [23].…”

Polymer Membranes in Separation Process

“…The authors showed that the metal ion recovery rate strictly depends on the solution composition. Additionally, Gajda et al [5] demonstrated the possibility of separating non-ferrous metal ions via transport across polymer inclusion membranes containing derivatives of 1-alkyl-1,2,4-triazoles. The authors determined the conditions of Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) ion separation through the membrane and showed that the transport rate of these metals depends on the membrane viscosity and the stability of the metal complexes with the ion carrier.…”