Facile synthesis of ultrahigh-surface-area hollow carbon nanospheres for enhanced adsorption and energy storage

Xu, Fei; Tang, Zhiwei; Huang, Siqi; Chen, Luyi; Liang, Yeru; Mai, Weicong; Zhong, Hui; Fu, Ruowen; Wu, Dehai

doi:10.1038/ncomms8221

Cited by 581 publications

(343 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…This is an innovative approach to developing a new energy technology, which directly converts mechanical energy into electrochemical energy without energy being wasted on the outer circuitry and decreases energy conversion loss. Importantly, the development of both high performance energy storage devices [208][209][210][211][212][213][214] and the materials [215][216][217][218][219][220][221][222] used in the devices is essential for the fabrication of highly effective hybridized "all-in-one energy harvesting and storage devices" in the future.…”

Section: Simple Connection Of Energy Harvester and Storage Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

All-in-one energy harvesting and storage devices

et al. 2016

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Currently, integration of energy harvesting and storage devices is considered to be one of the most important energy-related technologies due to the possibility of replacing batteries or at least extending the lifetime of a battery. This review aims to describe current progress in the various types of energy harvesters, hybrid energy harvesters, including multi-type energy harvesters with coupling of multiple energy sources, and hybridization of energy harvesters and energy storage devices for self-powered electronics. We summarize research on recent energy harvesters based on the piezoelectric, triboelectric, pyroelectric, thermoelectric, and photovoltaic effects. We also cover hybrid cell technologies to simultaneously generate electricity using multiple types of environmental energy, such as mechanical, thermal, and solar energy. Energy harvesters based on the coupling of multiple energy sources exhibit enhancement of power generation performance with synergetic effects. Finally, integration of energy harvesters and energy storage devices is introduced. In particular, self-charging power cells provide an innovative approach to the direct conversion of mechanical energy into electrochemical energy to decrease energy conversion loss. Currently, integration of energy harvesting and storage devices is considered to be one of the most important energy-related technologies due to the possibility of replacing batteries or at least extending the lifetime of a battery. This review aims to describe current progress in the various types of energy harvesters, hybrid energy harvesters, including multi-type energy harvesters with coupling of multiple energy sources, and hybridization of energy harvesters and energy storage devices for self-powered electronics. We summarize research on recent energy harvesters based on the piezoelectric, triboelectric, pyroelectric, thermoelectric, and photovoltaic effects. We also cover hybrid cell technologies to simultaneously generate electricity using multiple types of environmental energy, such as mechanical, thermal, and solar energy. Energy harvesters based on the coupling of multiple energy sources exhibit enhancement of power generation performance with synergetic effects. Finally, integration of energy harvesters and energy storage devices is introduced. In particular, self-charging power cells provide an innovative approach to the direct conversion of mechanical energy into electrochemical energy to decrease energy conversion loss.

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Section: Simple Connection Of Energy Harvester and Storage Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

All-in-one energy harvesting and storage devices

et al. 2016

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“…All the samples delivered an outstanding electrochemical performance, which can be ascribed to high specific surface area, hollow structure, nitrogen functionalization, and shell architecture. In addition, hollow carbon nanospheres with exceptionally ultrahigh surface area and well-defined nanostructure were reported by Xu et al [45] After activation, the carbon nanospheres had a large surface area of 3022 m 2 g −1 and an outer diameter of 69 nm. All cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves exhibited rectangular shapes and the galvanostatic charge-discharge curves displayed typical triangular profiles, implying a typical EDLC behavior.…”

Section: Carbon Hollow Nanostructurementioning

confidence: 81%

Progress of Nanostructured Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors

Jiang

Yadi

Nie

et al. 2017

Advanced Sustainable Systems

107

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Supercapacitors, as a type of energy storage system, bridge the power/energy gap between conventional capacitors and batteries due to attractive properties such as high power density, long cycle lifespan, and large temperature range. However, the low energy density of supercapacitors compared to lithium‐ion batteries has hindered their general application. In general, the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors is closely related to the structure of their electrode materials, electrolytes, and device design. The main materials used in electrochemical double‐layer capacitors (EDLCs) are carbon materials with various architectures. This is due to their high surface area, good electric conductivity, and intrinsic stability. In this review, recently reported carbon‐based nanostructured electrode materials with 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D structures are systematically reviewed. The effect of nanostructuring on the properties of supercapacitors including specific capacitance, rate capability, and cycle stability is explored, the details of which may serve as a guide to electrode design for the next generation of EDLCs.

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“…Conjugated polymer hollow spheres were synthesized via soft template approach reported in the literature [30]. FTIR spectrum indicated that aniline and pyrrole were co-polymerized in soft templates (see Supplementary Figure S1).…”

Section: Materials Synthesis and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, the kinetics can be analyzed qualitatively using the difference of the potential peaks where sluggish kinetics will need more voltage or time to reach the peak current or the current where depletion of ions at the surface commences [49]. This indicates significant catalytic behavior [50,51] of the GHCSA aerogel for Fe(CN)6 4− /Fe(CN)6 3− redox couple, which may be attributed to doping of nitrogen atoms derived from conjugated polymer precursors [30] into microporous shells of carbon spheres within aerogel matrix (See Figure S12).…”

Section: Thermoelectric Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assembling hollow carbon sphere-graphene polylithic aerogels for thermoelectric cells

Dong

Guo

et al. 2017

Nano Energy

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Aerogels are highly porous bulk materials assembled chemically or physically with various nanoscale building blocks and thus hold promise for numerous applications including energy storage and conversion. Assembling of hollow or porous particles with the diameter larger than 100 nm into hierarchically porous aerogels is efficient but challenging for achieving a high specific surface of aerogel. In this regard, submicron-sized carbon spheres with hollow cores and microporous shells are assembled into bulk aerogels, for the first time, in the presence of twodimensional graphene sheets as special cross-linkers. The resulting bead-to-sheet polylithic aerogels show ultra-low density (51-67 mg·cm -3 ), high conductivity (263-695 S·m -1 ) and high specific surface area (569-609 m 2 ·g -1 ). An application of thermocells is demonstrated with maximum output power of 1.05 W·m -2 and maximum energy conversion efficiency of 1.4 % relative to Carnot engine, outperforming the current simple U-shaped thermocells reported elsewhere.3 1.IntroductionGradual exhaustion of fossil fuels and rapid increase of energy demand may cause a serious energy crisis in the very near future [1]. Either exploiting the new energy options or developing energy recycling is a highly efficient way to overcome increasingly grim energy crisis [2][3][4][5][6].However, both technologies face the challenge of finding and integrating new materials to meet the demanding performance [7,8]. This constantly motivates scientists to develop novel energy materials [9][10][11][12].An aerogel is a kind of highly porous nanomaterial [13] with many intriguing properties such as the high specific surface area (more than several hundred m 2 ·g -1 ), ultra-low density (as low as 3 mg·cm -3 ), large pore volume (several cm 3 ·g -1 ), low dielectric constant (approaching that of air), superior thermal-insulating behavior (< 0.015 W·m -1 ·K -1 ), outstanding sound-proofing property (> 100 kg·m -2 ·s -1 ), etc. [14,15]. In recent years, intensive studies and exploitations have been carried out across many fields including environmental remediation, thermal insulation, energy storage and conversion, detection, adsorption, catalysis, and so on [16][17][18]. From the perspective of chemistry, aerogels are the sol-gel derivatives made via supercritical fluid drying (or other special drying) of various gel precursors, while from the perspective of structure, aerogels are the of the building blocks play important roles in determining structure and function of the resulting aerogel monoliths [24]. In the case of aerogels assembled with spherical particles, the specific surface area is inversely proportional to both the diameter and density of the individual solid particles under the assumption of no surface overlapping of the particles as shown in Figure 1a. It is desirable to obtain large specific areas of the aerogel with small diameter and/or low density particles [25]. However, only a small range of diameters of the building blocks, from a few to several tens of nanom...

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Facile synthesis of ultrahigh-surface-area hollow carbon nanospheres for enhanced adsorption and energy storage

Cited by 581 publications

References 64 publications

All-in-one energy harvesting and storage devices

All-in-one energy harvesting and storage devices

Progress of Nanostructured Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors

Assembling hollow carbon sphere-graphene polylithic aerogels for thermoelectric cells

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