Facile synthesis of rGO/SnO<sub>2</sub>composite anodes for lithium ion batteries

Li, Suyuan; Xie, Wenhe; Wang, Suiyan; Jiang, Xinyu; Peng, Shanglong; He, Deyan

doi:10.1039/c4ta03907f

Cited by 63 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…However, it has been observed that the specific capacity of electrode increased gradually with cycling. And this phenomenon was reported in previous publications on Sn‐based or Fe 3 O 4 anodes, and also in almost the transition metal oxide‐based anode materials. In some reports, this additional reversible capacity was even beyond the theoretical capacity calculated based on their reaction mechanism …”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Origin of Capacity Increasing in a Long‐Life Ternary Sn–Fe₃O₄@Graphite Anode for Li‐Ion Batteries

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2017

Adv Materials Inter

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affect the energy density and safety of devices. Also since the SEI permits ions to move freely and secludes the transit of electrons, it affects the kinetics of LIB reaction and the power density of the devices. [14][15][16] Recently, we reported a novel spherical Sn-Fe 3 O 4 @graphite composite prepared via a two-step process using high-efficiency discharge plasma-assisted milling (P-milling). [17] In this ternary composite, ultrafine Sn nanoparticles were tightly combined with nanosized Fe 3 O 4 , with graphite nanosheets coating the outside to form a multiscale spherical structure. This structure can enhance the structure stability and Li ions diffusion kinetics of the electrode during the electrochemical processes. Therefore, the Sn-Fe 3 O 4 @graphite composite anode demonstrates a reversible capacity of ≈750 mAh g −1 after 500 cycles between 0.01 and 3.0 V versus Li/Li + at 2000 mA g −1 . However, it has been observed that the specific capacity of electrode increased gradually with cycling. And this phenomenon was reported in previous publications on Sn-based [18][19][20] or Fe 3 O 4 [21,22] anodes, and also in almost the transition metal oxide-based anode materials. In some reports, this additional reversible capacity was even beyond the theoretical capacity calculated based on their reaction mechanism. [23,24] The phenomenon of capacity increasing in anode is very common, and many previous researchers have studied and explained this phenomenon. A pseudocapacitive mechanism has been proposed which Li can be stored in the interface of active materials to provide the additional capacity. [25,26] Another explanation accepted by more and more researchers was proposed by Tarascon and co-workers in 2002 based on study in CoO anode material by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and cyclic voltammetry. [27] A "polymer/gel-like film" was found to form on the surface of nanoparticles at low voltages (1.8-0.02 V) and vanish when the oxidation potential was increased above 2 V. In fact, this "polymer/gel-like film" is the organic component of the SEI film. The nanosized transition metal is considered to play a critical role in activating and promote the formation and dissolution of SEI film. Zhou and coworkers synthesized core-shell Fe@C microspheres, [24] which could provide a certain electrochemical capacity (667 mAh g −1 ). They also prepared Ni/C hierarchical composites, [28] which exhibited an unexpected reversible capacity of 1051 mAh g −1 .The Fe and Ni are regarded to be inert in the electrochemical process with Li. However, these composites present much higher capacities than that of pure C electrodes. This reveals The electrode-electrolyte interface plays a key role in the energy density and safety of the Li-ion battery. The interfaces evolution induces the capacity increasing in many metal oxide anodes and attracts much attention. Here, the origin of the capacity increasing is verified by our long-life Sn-Fe 3 O 4 @ graphite composite anode. By analyzing the electrochemical curves, the Coulombic e...

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Origin of Capacity Increasing in a Long‐Life Ternary Sn–Fe₃O₄@Graphite Anode for Li‐Ion Batteries

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2017

Adv Materials Inter

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“…76 In our case, the intensity ratio of composite (I D /I G ¼ 1. A careful search on the literatures reveal that when metal nanoparticles are deposited on the surface of GO, the intensity ratio of D and G-band (I D /I G ) usually increase, suggesting the presence of electronic interaction between the nanoparticles and GO.…”

Section: Structure and Morphology Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Furthermore, these results are consistent with the TEM and XPS results. 82 From the analysis, the SnO 2 content in the composite was found to be $70 wt%. [77][78][79] From XRD ndings, it was found that SnO 2 possibly act as a spacer during the composite synthesis resulting in the decrease of restacking of GO sheets.…”

Section: Structure and Morphology Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a graphene oxide-SnO₂ nanocomposite with superior catalytic efficiency for the synthesis of β-enaminones and β-enaminoesters

et al. 2015

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A graphene oxide (GO)-SnO 2 -based nanocomposite was synthesized by decorating the graphene oxide surface with SnO 2 nanoparticles via a solvothermal process. The nanocomposite was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), FT-Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Field-emission Scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and N 2 adsorption/ desorption study. The FE-SEM and TEM images demonstrate the uniform distribution of the SnO 2 nanoparticles on the GO surface and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) confirms an average particle size of 8-12 nm. The GO-SnO 2 nanocomposite has been found to be an extremely efficient catalyst for the synthesis of b-enaminones and b-enaminoesters in methanol solvent and also, in solventless conditions. The GO-SnO 2 nanocomposites exhibited synergistically more superior catalytic efficiency compared to pure graphene oxide and SnO 2 nanoparticles. The reaction conditions were optimized by changing different parameters such as catalyst, solvent, catalyst loading, and temperature. It has been found that the catalyst gave higher activity under solventless conditions than methanol. The GO-SnO 2 composite was recycled for up to four cycles with minimal loss in activity. Fig. 3 (a) XPS survey spectra of GO-SnO 2 nanocomposite, (b) Sn 3d core level XPS spectra of GO-SnO 2 nanocomposite, (c) C 1s XPS spectra of GO and (d) C 1s XPS spectra GO-SnO 2 nanocomposite. 39196 | RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 39193-39204 This journal is

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“…However, the rise in the number of atoms comes with the insertion process of Lithium ions in the alloying reaction, which implies the volume expansion (300%) and then results in the undesirable architecture and poor durability of the SnO 2 ‐based anodes . Therefore, an appropriate nanostructure of SnO 2 ‐based anode materials which can be maintained during repeated C–D cycles must be built by rational design to achieve high capacity and long‐term cyclability …”

Section: Analysis Of the Deconvoluted C 1s Peaks From The Xps Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

Uniformly Grafting SnO₂ Nanoparticles on Ionic Liquid Reduced Graphene Oxide Sheets for High Lithium Storage

Zhu

Dong

Gao

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Inter

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Facile synthesis of rGO/SnO₂composite anodes for lithium ion batteries

Cited by 63 publications

References 32 publications

Origin of Capacity Increasing in a Long‐Life Ternary Sn–Fe₃O₄@Graphite Anode for Li‐Ion Batteries

Origin of Capacity Increasing in a Long‐Life Ternary Sn–Fe₃O₄@Graphite Anode for Li‐Ion Batteries

Design of a graphene oxide-SnO₂ nanocomposite with superior catalytic efficiency for the synthesis of β-enaminones and β-enaminoesters

Uniformly Grafting SnO₂ Nanoparticles on Ionic Liquid Reduced Graphene Oxide Sheets for High Lithium Storage

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Facile synthesis of rGO/SnO2composite anodes for lithium ion batteries

Cited by 63 publications

References 32 publications

Origin of Capacity Increasing in a Long‐Life Ternary Sn–Fe3O4@Graphite Anode for Li‐Ion Batteries

Origin of Capacity Increasing in a Long‐Life Ternary Sn–Fe3O4@Graphite Anode for Li‐Ion Batteries

Design of a graphene oxide-SnO2 nanocomposite with superior catalytic efficiency for the synthesis of β-enaminones and β-enaminoesters

Uniformly Grafting SnO2 Nanoparticles on Ionic Liquid Reduced Graphene Oxide Sheets for High Lithium Storage

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Facile synthesis of rGO/SnO₂composite anodes for lithium ion batteries

Origin of Capacity Increasing in a Long‐Life Ternary Sn–Fe₃O₄@Graphite Anode for Li‐Ion Batteries

Origin of Capacity Increasing in a Long‐Life Ternary Sn–Fe₃O₄@Graphite Anode for Li‐Ion Batteries

Design of a graphene oxide-SnO₂ nanocomposite with superior catalytic efficiency for the synthesis of β-enaminones and β-enaminoesters

Uniformly Grafting SnO₂ Nanoparticles on Ionic Liquid Reduced Graphene Oxide Sheets for High Lithium Storage