Facile synthesis of high lithium ion conductive cubic phase lithium garnets for electrochemical energy storage devices

Abstract

A facile combustion method was developed for the rapid synthesis of high conductive cubic phase Al-LLZ solid electrolyte with uniform particle sizes at the nanometer level for the fabrication of rechargeable all-solid-state Li and Li-air batteries.

La2Zr2O7 Nanoparticle-Mediated Synthesis of Porous Al-Doped Li7La3Zr2O12 Garnet

“…Common to these synthesis methods is the need to add excess amounts of lithium to account for losses due to evaporation. Typical values are reported between 6 and 30% excess Li to account for losses, introducing a significant source of error and challenges of experimental control. − …”

Facile synthesis of Al-stabilized lithium garnets by a solution-combustion technique for all solid-state batteries

“…For example, Sakomoto et al [22] synthesized cubic Al-LLZO ~ 900 ºC using low temperature sol-gel synthesis route, however required long intermediate drying steps along with supercritical fluid extraction step to retain nano-scale features. In another study [23], Al-doped LLZO was synthesized using a nitrate-combustion method, but the desired cubic phase (without secondary phases) was attained only at elevated reaction temperatures (> 950 ºC).…”

Controlling the lithium proton exchange of LLZO to enable reproducible processing and performance optimization

“…These spectra indicate the presence of the low-temperature cubic LLZO phase due to the protonation and additional adsorption of CO 2 and subsequent incorporation of CO 3 2À into the crystal lattice. 29,30,35 Besides a much lower ionic conductivity than the high temperature cubic phase, it is also more ordered and could lead to differences in the interaction of solvents and dispersants in the subsequent wet-processing route.…”