Face washing promotion for preventing active trachoma

Abstract

Editorial group: Cochrane Eyes and Vision Group. Publication status and date: New search for studies and content updated (no change to conclusions), published in Issue 4, 2012.

Interventions promoting uptake of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) technologies in low- and middle-income countries: An evidence and gap map of effectiveness studies

“…A large subsequent systematic review literature examined the effects of WASH technologies on diarrhoeal health outcomes (Clasen et al, 2015; Curtis & Cairncross, 2003; Fewtrell & Colford, 2004; Gundry et al, 2004; Ejemot et al, 2007; Cairncross et al, 2010; Clasen et al, 2010; Ejemot‐Nwadiaro et al, 2015; Freeman et al, 2014; Norman et al, 2010; Waddington et al, 2009; Wolf et al, 2018). An increasing number of reviews measured other commonly evaluated outcomes, including “neglected tropical diseases” such as helminth infections (Esrey et al, 1991; Freeman et al, 2017; Strunz et al, 2014; Ziegelbauer et al, 2012), and trachoma (Ejere et al, 2015; Esrey et al, 1991; Freeman et al, 2017; Rabiu et al, 2012; Stocks et al, 2014). Other reviews focussed on nutritional outcomes (Dangour et al, 2013) or incorporated them (Freeman et al, 2017).…”

Interventions promoting uptake of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) technologies in low- and middle-income countries: An evidence and gap map of effectiveness studies

“…A large subsequent systematic review literature examined the effects of WASH technologies on diarrhoeal health outcomes (Clasen et al, 2015; Curtis & Cairncross, 2003; Fewtrell & Colford, 2004; Gundry et al, 2004; Ejemot et al, 2007; Cairncross et al, 2010; Clasen et al, 2010; Ejemot‐Nwadiaro et al, 2015; Freeman et al, 2014; Norman et al, 2010; Waddington et al, 2009; Wolf et al, 2018). An increasing number of reviews measured other commonly evaluated outcomes, including “neglected tropical diseases” such as helminth infections (Esrey et al, 1991; Freeman et al, 2017; Strunz et al, 2014; Ziegelbauer et al, 2012), and trachoma (Ejere et al, 2015; Esrey et al, 1991; Freeman et al, 2017; Rabiu et al, 2012; Stocks et al, 2014). Other reviews focussed on nutritional outcomes (Dangour et al, 2013) or incorporated them (Freeman et al, 2017).…”

Relationship Between the Oral Hygiene and Hand Hygiene Practices of Korean Adolescents: A Study Focused on the 15th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey Conducted in 2019

“…In a randomized controlled study that evaluated the effects of hand washing using soap on acute respiratory tract infection, agro-vacuum and diarrhea prevention, the incidence of pneumonia in the hand washing group was 50% lower than that of the control group, 34% lower than that of the hand washing intervention group; moreover, hand washing with soap led to a 53% lower incidence of diarrhea [15]. It has also been reported that handwashing serves to reduce the spread of infectious diseases such as in uenza, parasites, trachoma, neonatal infections, HIV-related infections and enteritis [16][17][18][19][20]. Therefore, studies on how to habituate hand washing, which is most effective in reducing disease burden, during adolescence need to be conducted.…”

Assessing trachoma elimination progress in districts with persistent trachoma, Western Province, Zambia

“…The latrines and handwashing facility findings from the 2018 and 2023 surveys in Western Province indicate some improvements in water access but continued challenges with sanitation. Although effective implementation of the F&E components to limit C. trachomatis transmission is also problematic, given the weakness of the evidence base for these interventions, 24 , 25 it is important for the WPHO, local authorities and partners to continue lobbying and playing a leading role in the implementation of multisectoral water, sanitation and hygiene interventions. 26 , 27…”

Interventions promoting uptake of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) technologies in low- and middle-income countries: An evidence and gap map of effectiveness studies

“…A large subsequent systematic review literature examined the effects of WASH technologies on diarrhoeal health outcomes (Clasen et al, 2015; Curtis & Cairncross, 2003; Fewtrell & Colford, 2004; Gundry et al, 2004; Ejemot et al, 2007; Cairncross et al, 2010; Clasen et al, 2010; Ejemot‐Nwadiaro et al, 2015; Freeman et al, 2014; Norman et al, 2010; Waddington et al, 2009; Wolf et al, 2018). An increasing number of reviews measured other commonly evaluated outcomes, including “neglected tropical diseases” such as helminth infections (Esrey et al, 1991; Freeman et al, 2017; Strunz et al, 2014; Ziegelbauer et al, 2012), and trachoma (Ejere et al, 2015; Esrey et al, 1991; Freeman et al, 2017; Rabiu et al, 2012; Stocks et al, 2014). Other reviews focussed on nutritional outcomes (Dangour et al, 2013) or incorporated them (Freeman et al, 2017).…”

Relationship Between the Oral Hygiene and Hand Hygiene Practices of Korean Adolescents: A Study Focused on the 15th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey Conducted in 2019

“…In a randomized controlled study that evaluated the effects of hand washing using soap on acute respiratory tract infection, agro-vacuum and diarrhea prevention, the incidence of pneumonia in the hand washing group was 50% lower than that of the control group, 34% lower than that of the hand washing intervention group; moreover, hand washing with soap led to a 53% lower incidence of diarrhea [15]. It has also been reported that handwashing serves to reduce the spread of infectious diseases such as in uenza, parasites, trachoma, neonatal infections, HIV-related infections and enteritis [16][17][18][19][20]. Therefore, studies on how to habituate hand washing, which is most effective in reducing disease burden, during adolescence need to be conducted.…”

Assessing trachoma elimination progress in districts with persistent trachoma, Western Province, Zambia

“…The latrines and handwashing facility findings from the 2018 and 2023 surveys in Western Province indicate some improvements in water access but continued challenges with sanitation. Although effective implementation of the F&E components to limit C. trachomatis transmission is also problematic, given the weakness of the evidence base for these interventions, 24 , 25 it is important for the WPHO, local authorities and partners to continue lobbying and playing a leading role in the implementation of multisectoral water, sanitation and hygiene interventions. 26 , 27…”

Interventions promoting uptake of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) technologies in low- and middle-income countries: An evidence and gap map of effectiveness studies

“…A large subsequent systematic review literature examined the effects of WASH technologies on diarrhoeal health outcomes (Clasen et al, 2015; Curtis & Cairncross, 2003; Fewtrell & Colford, 2004; Gundry et al, 2004; Ejemot et al, 2007; Cairncross et al, 2010; Clasen et al, 2010; Ejemot‐Nwadiaro et al, 2015; Freeman et al, 2014; Norman et al, 2010; Waddington et al, 2009; Wolf et al, 2018). An increasing number of reviews measured other commonly evaluated outcomes, including “neglected tropical diseases” such as helminth infections (Esrey et al, 1991; Freeman et al, 2017; Strunz et al, 2014; Ziegelbauer et al, 2012), and trachoma (Ejere et al, 2015; Esrey et al, 1991; Freeman et al, 2017; Rabiu et al, 2012; Stocks et al, 2014). Other reviews focussed on nutritional outcomes (Dangour et al, 2013) or incorporated them (Freeman et al, 2017).…”

Relationship Between the Oral Hygiene and Hand Hygiene Practices of Korean Adolescents: A Study Focused on the 15th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey Conducted in 2019

“…In a randomized controlled study that evaluated the effects of hand washing using soap on acute respiratory tract infection, agro-vacuum and diarrhea prevention, the incidence of pneumonia in the hand washing group was 50% lower than that of the control group, 34% lower than that of the hand washing intervention group; moreover, hand washing with soap led to a 53% lower incidence of diarrhea [15]. It has also been reported that handwashing serves to reduce the spread of infectious diseases such as in uenza, parasites, trachoma, neonatal infections, HIV-related infections and enteritis [16][17][18][19][20]. Therefore, studies on how to habituate hand washing, which is most effective in reducing disease burden, during adolescence need to be conducted.…”

Assessing trachoma elimination progress in districts with persistent trachoma, Western Province, Zambia

“…The latrines and handwashing facility findings from the 2018 and 2023 surveys in Western Province indicate some improvements in water access but continued challenges with sanitation. Although effective implementation of the F&E components to limit C. trachomatis transmission is also problematic, given the weakness of the evidence base for these interventions, 24 , 25 it is important for the WPHO, local authorities and partners to continue lobbying and playing a leading role in the implementation of multisectoral water, sanitation and hygiene interventions. 26 , 27…”