Fabrication of organic phase biosensors based on multilayered polyphenol oxidase protected by an alginate coating

Organic Phase PPO Biosensors Prepared by Multilayer Deposition of Enzyme and Alginate Through Avidin‐Biotin Interactions

“…) values are ten times lower than those recorded in aqueous solution [31]. This marked decrease in biosensor performance is more likely due to a "water stripping" of bound structural water by chloroform, owing to the high accessibility of the layered proteins [51].…”

“…Although avidin-biotin has been extensively used for biosensor applications in aqueous solution, this immobilization method has never been applied to the creation of OPEEs. Very recently, we reported, for the first time, the use of these bioaffinity interactions in conjunction with a biotinylated polypyrrole film for the transfer of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in chloroform [31]. Owing to the high accessibility to the immobilized enzymes, the multilayered PPO assemblies were protected from the organic solvent by the deposition of an alginate gel.…”

Electrode Materials (Bulk Materials and Modification)

“…[506][507][508] One of the most common example is the use of tyrosinase (also known as polyphenol oxidase) for the detection of phenol derivatives. [560][561][562][563][564][565] The enzyme can be immobilized in a polypyrrole or polyaniline matrix by either entrapment, covalent attachment or biotin-avidin interactions. Limits of detection between 10 nM and 1 μM have been reached by amperometry.…”

Electrochemical sensors and biosensors for the pharmaceutical and environmental analysis

“…Different approaches involve conducting organic salt, metal microparticles and redox mediators immobilization together with the enzyme in a polymer matrix . Recently, organic phase enzyme electrodes (OPEEs) have attracted considerable interest for their application in environmental and clinical monitoring (Cosnier & Innocent, 1993;Cosnier & Popescu, 1996;Mousty et al, 2001). Electropolymerisation of functionalized polymers is an electrochemical method for the immobilization of biomolecules where the attachment of proteins is performed directly at the polymer-solution interface by chemical grafting or affinity.…”