Fabrication of Noncytotoxic Functional Siloxane-Coated Bacterial Cellulose Nanocrystals

Abstract

Bacterial cellulose nanocrystals (BCNC) stand out as versatile biocolloidal building blocks for materials that are highperformance, owing to their inherently high crystallinity and specific modulus and surface area, and sustainable, as BCNC are both biobased and biodegradable. BCNC materials are also promising for their multifunctionality because of their huge potential to undergo physical and/or chemical surface modification. This is particularly appealing for biomedical applications thanks to the biocompatibility, high purity, and low toxicity of BCNC. We report on films based on surface-modified BCNC with varying contents of 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) or 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS). Importantly, these highly pure and crystalline needle-shaped BCNC were isolated from scraps generated at industrial operations when shaping bacterial cellulose membranes into wound dressings. The films were extensively characterized as far as their structural characteristics, with emphasis on the major features targeting at biological applications. Compared with pristine BCNC, the films performed better from the thermal stability standpoint and maintained the noncytotoxicity against nontransforming fibroblasts. The latter claim was independent of GPTMS content, but dose-dependent for APTS and valid for films containing up to 30% of this coupling agent. Altogether, this contribution expands the wingspan of nanocellulose-based materials in biomedical applications while mitigating the waste of natural resources by upcycling an industrial byproduct, falling within the circular bioeconomy framework.

Metal-Free, Bio-Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on a Single Electrode of Bacterial Cellulose Modified with Carbon Black

“…The observed uniformity in response suggests that the introduction of carbon black (cb) minimally affects the chemical structure of cellulose. The observed infrared spectra indicate the characteristic group frequencies for BC: the band at approximately 3340 cm −1 corresponds to intra-and inter-O-H stretching in cellulose I; the weak band at around 2900 cm −1 is associated with the C-H stretching of CH 2 and CH 3 groups or CH 2 asymmetric stretching; that at 1640 cm −1 corresponds to the H-O-H bending of absorbed water; that at 1425 cm −1 is attributed to CH 2 symmetric bending or O-H in-plane bending; that at 1320 cm −1 corresponds to C-H deformation, O-H in-plane bending, and the out-of-plane wagging of CH 2 groups; the absorption band at 1160 cm −1 suggests the presence of the C-O-C antisymmetric bridge stretching of 1,4-β-D-glucoside in BC; the bands at 1000-1110 cm −1 are hypothesized to be related to C-O stretching vibration in primary alcohol and C-O-C skeletal vibration; and the bands at 400-1000 cm −1 , particularly around 900 cm −1 , correspond to the antisymmetric out-ofphase ring stretching of β-glucosidic linkages, indicating the presence of cellulose II [26][27][28][29][30].…”

3D Filaments Based on Polyhydroxy Butyrate—Micronized Bacterial Cellulose for Tissue Engineering Applications

“…Unlike vegetal cellulose, the BC network is free of lignin, hemicellulose, and other constituents of lignocellulosic materials [ 20 ]. In addition to the composition, BC differs from celluloses from other sources due to its high degree of purity and polymerization (up to 8000), crystallinity (70–80%), high water content (up to 99%), physical and mechanical resistance, flexibility, and high biocompatibility [ 21 ]. BC is a non-cytotoxic, non-genotoxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible biomaterial [ 22 , 23 ].…”