Fabrication and Manipulation of Ionotropic Hydrogels Cross-Linked by Paramagnetic Ions

Winkleman, Adam; Bracher, Paul J.; Gitlin, Irina; Whitesides, George M.

doi:10.1021/cm062626f

Cited by 32 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…Active magnetic response of 2D materials relies on the intercalation of paramagnetic metal ions into the prefabricated multilayers and the ion complexation with 2D material nanosheets. We first selected Ho 3+ as the intercalant, because the Ho ion exhibits four unpaired electrons in 4f shell, which can be aligned in the presence of a magnetic field and lead to a large magnetic susceptibility (χ ≈ +0.44 cm 3 mol −1 ) . Figure a illustrates the intercalation process of Ho ions into the GO multilayers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable Magnetic Response in 2D Materials via Reversible Intercalation of Paramagnetic Ions

Chang

Xie

et al. 2019

Adv Elect Materials

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multilayers of 2D materials and alter the physicochemical properties of 2D material complexes in a controllable manner, enabling the development of attractive technologies such as energy storage, electrochromic devices, exfoliation, and so on. [3] Among various intercalated species, metal ions have drawn much attention due to facile intercalation environment, abundant ion size, and high controllability, which can tune the chemical and physical properties of metal-ion-intercalated 2D material complexes over a wide range. For instance, the mechanical properties of graphene oxide (GO) papers can be enhanced upon the intercalation with a small amount of divalent alkaline earth metal ions (e.g., Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ ). [4] Also, the intercalation of K + and Mg 2+ was utilized to improve the electrochemical activities of 2D titanium carbides (Ti 3 C 2 T x , MXene). [5] In addition, through the reversible intercalation of metal ions or protons into/out of 2D material multilayers (e.g., MXene, molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 )), the electromechanical actuators with high-strain and high-frequency responses can be fabricated. [3e,6] Among many important properties of 2D materials, the active magnetic response or magnetism has been continuously tuned for the development of various applications, including spill oil recovery, targeted drug delivery, and antibacterial interfaces. [7] Many 2D materials are intrinsically weak paramagnetic, so, theoretically, they can be manipulated via a very strong magnetic field (>6 T). However, such magnetic fields require a specialized equipment and are only generated within a small space, which cannot be utilized to manipulate large-area 2D material films. [7c] Therefore, in order to decrease the threshold of required magnetic fields, some researchers incorporated the magnetic nanoparticles (e.g., Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles, MNPs) into the 2D materials. [8] Despite the highly enhanced magnetic response, the intrinsic structures and the physicochemical properties of 2D material films were altered and disrupted irreversibly. Recent studies on the intercalation of smaller FeCl 3 molecules and trace Fe metal have also induced the occurrence of magnetic moments in the 2D material complexes. [9] Yet, such moments were still relatively weak and only resulted in passive response. Moreover, the magnetization processes were delicate, at high temperature, and designed for specific hosts of layer materials. Therefore, a more generalized and scalable method such as ionThe unique properties of 2D materials spur fundamental studies and advanced technologies. As one of the important properties, magnetism is highly desired to be incorporated into various 2D materials for an active magnetic response, yet it remains challenging to develop a generalized and controllable method to magnetize a wide-range of 2D materials reversibly. In this work, a reversible magnetization method is demonstrated for introducing the active magnetic response to various 2D material multilayers, ranging from graphene oxide (GO) to montmoril...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable Magnetic Response in 2D Materials via Reversible Intercalation of Paramagnetic Ions

Chang

Xie

et al. 2019

Adv Elect Materials

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“…In addition, the combination of two different families of carrageenans has also been tested, for instance on the production of microscale fibers 53 . Hydrogel systems based on carrageenan and other materials from natural algae origin, namely alginate, have been developed into different formats (beads/fibers); 52 , 54 , 55 fibers resulting from wet-spinning carrageenan into chitosan or vice versa are also possible, including together with carbon nanotubes to improve significantly their mechanical properties, in which active ingredients can be trapped; 56 chitosan/carrageenan/tripolyphosphate nanoparticles exhibiting small size and high positive charge have been produced by polyelectrolyte complexation/ionic gelation; 57 Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles with κ-carrageenan 58 , 59 and spheres of carrageenans crosslinked by paramagnetic ions (Ho 3+ ) 60 have also been developed.…”

Section: Sulfated Polysaccharides From Red Algaementioning

confidence: 99%

Marine algae sulfated polysaccharides for tissue engineering and drug delivery approaches

et al. 2012

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Biomedical field is constantly requesting for new biomaterials, with innovative properties. Natural polymers appear as materials of election for this goal due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. In particular, materials found in marine environment are of great interest since the chemical and biological diversity found in this environment is almost uncountable and continuously growing with the research in deeper waters. Moreover, there is also a slower risk of these materials to pose illnesses to humans.In particular, sulfated polysaccharides can be found in marine environment, in different algae species. These polysaccharides don’t have equivalent in the terrestrial plants and resembles the chemical and biological properties of mammalian glycosaminoglycans. In this perspective, are receiving growing interest for application on health-related fields. On this review, we will focus on the biomedical applications of marine algae sulfated polymers, in particular on the development of innovative systems for tissue engineering and drug delivery approaches.

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“…, activated carbon) can all be incorporated in the ionotropic hydrogels and that these materials retain their function while trapped within the hydrogel matrix. 28,41 When the films are formed from cultures of bacteria ( e.g. , E. coli ), the bacteria become immobilized in the film and continue to metabolize substrates while trapped within the hydrogel.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5a). 28,41 The biocompatibility of the hydrogel films can be tuned with the selection of cross-linking metal. For instance, Ni 2+ –AA, Cu 2+ –AA, and Al 3+ –AA are toxic to E. coli , while Ca 2+ –AA and Ba 2+ –AA are non-toxic.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterned paper as a template for the delivery of reactants in the fabrication of planar materials

2010

Self Cite

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This account reviews the use of templates, fabricated by patterning paper, for the delivery of aqueous solutions of reactants (predominantly, ions) in the preparation of structured, thin materials (e.g., films of ionotropic hydrogels). In these methods, a patterned sheet of paper transfers an aqueous solution of reagent to a second phase—either solid or liquid—brought into contact with the template; this process can form solid structures with thicknesses that are typically ≤1.5 mm. The shape of the template and the pattern of a hydrophobic barrier on the paper control the shape of the product, in its plane, by restricting the delivery of the reagent in two dimensions. The concentration of the reagents, and the duration that the template remains in contact with the second phase, control growth in the third dimension (i.e., thickness). The method is especially useful in fabricating shaped films of ionotropic hydrogels (e.g., calcium alginate) by controlling the delivery of solutions of multivalent cations to solutions of anionic polymers. The templates can also be used to direct reactions that generate patterns of solid precipitates within sheets of paper. This review examines applications of the method for: (i) patterning bacteria in two dimensions within a hydrogel film, (ii) manipulating hydrogel films and sheets of paper magnetically, and (iii) generating dynamic 3-D structures (e.g., a cylinder of rising bubbles of O2) from sheets of paper with 2-D patterns of a catalyst (e.g., Pd0) immersed in appropriate reagents (e.g., 1% H2O2 in water).

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Fabrication and Manipulation of Ionotropic Hydrogels Cross-Linked by Paramagnetic Ions

Cited by 32 publications

References 30 publications

Tunable Magnetic Response in 2D Materials via Reversible Intercalation of Paramagnetic Ions

Tunable Magnetic Response in 2D Materials via Reversible Intercalation of Paramagnetic Ions

Marine algae sulfated polysaccharides for tissue engineering and drug delivery approaches

Patterned paper as a template for the delivery of reactants in the fabrication of planar materials

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