Fabrication and engineering properties of concretes based on geopolymers/alkali-activated binders - A review

Zhang, Peng; Wang, Kexun; Li, Qingfu; Wang, Juan; Ling, Yifeng

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120896

Cited by 167 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…When the mass ratio of OPC was greater than 10% by total mass of precursor, the GPC’s strength tended to decrease, especially the ones activated with higher concentration NaOH solution. Other calcium-rich compounds such as calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide can also be utilized to regulate setting time and mechanical properties; their replacement ratios should be tailored in terms of particular usages [ 16 , 22 , 34 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They have been attracting more and more attention worldwide. Today the primary application of geopolymers in civil engineering is the development and production of building materials as a potential alternative to traditional materials with high energy consumption and pollution [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Geopolymers are expected to be green binding material and consume less energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Geopolymers are expected to be green binding material and consume less energy. Production of geopolymer minimizes waste production and protect environment [ 15 , 16 ]. Geopolymers/alkali-activated binders have attracted considerable attention as promising construction and repair materials since their discovery because of their superior properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protective Geopolymer Coatings Containing Multi-Componential Precursors: Preparation and Basic Properties Characterization

et al. 2020

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This paper presents an experimental investigation on geopolymer coatings (GPC) in terms of surface protection of civil structures. The GPC mixtures were prepared with a quadruple precursor simultaneously containing fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GBFS), metakaolin (MK), and Portland cement (OPC). Setting time, compressive along with adhesive strength and permeability, were tested and interpreted from a perspective of potential applications. The preferred GPC with favorable setting time (not shorter than 120 min) and desirable compressive strength (not lower than 35 MPa) was selected from 85 mixture formulations. The results indicate that balancing strength and setting behavior is viable with the aid of the multi-componential precursor and the mixture design based on total molar ratios of key oxides or chemical elements. Adhesive strength of the optimized GPC mixtures was ranged from 1.5 to 3.4 MPa. The induced charge passed based on a rapid test of coated concrete specimens with the preferred GPC was 30% lower than that of the uncoated ones. Setting time of GPC was positively correlated with η[Si/(Na+Al)]. An abrupt increase of setting time occurred when the molar ratio was greater than 1.1. Compressive strength of GPC was positively affected by mass contents of ground granulated blast furnace slag, metakaolin and ordinary Portland cement, and was negatively affected by mass content of fly ash, respectively. Sustained seawater immersion impaired the strength of GPC to a negligible extent. Overall, GPC potentially serves a double purpose of satisfying the usage requirements and achieving a cleaner future.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protective Geopolymer Coatings Containing Multi-Componential Precursors: Preparation and Basic Properties Characterization

et al. 2020

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“…These materials show excellent mechanical properties, low shrinkage (low-Ca precursors), thermal stability, freeze-thaw, acid and fire resistance, long term durability, and recyclability [ 21 , 22 ]; thus, they are a potential alternative to traditional Portland cement in selected applications because in many cases they have also a reduced environmental impact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibre-Reinforced Geopolymer Concretes for Sensible Heat Thermal Energy Storage: Simulations and Environmental Impact

et al. 2021

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Power plants based on solar energy are spreading to accomplish the incoming green energy transition. Besides, affordable high-temperature sensible heat thermal energy storage (SHTES) is required. In this work, the temperature distribution and thermal performance of novel solid media for SHTES are investigated by finite element method (FEM) modelling. A geopolymer, with/without fibre reinforcement, is simulated during a transient charging/discharging cycle. A life cycle assessment (LCA) analysis is also carried out to investigate the environmental impact and sustainability of the proposed materials, analysing the embodied energy, the transport, and the production process. A Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) with the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach, taking into account thermal/environmental performance, is used to select the most suitable material. The results show that the localized reinforcement with fibres increases thermal storage performance, depending on the type of fibre, creating curvatures in the temperature profile and accelerating the charge/discharge. High-strength, high-conductivity carbon fibres performed well, and the simulation approach can be applied to any fibre arrangement/material. On the contrary, the benefit of the fibres is not straightforward according to the three different scenarios developed for the LCA and MCDM analyses, due to the high impact of the fibre production processes. More investigations are needed to balance and optimize the coupling of the fibre material and the solid medium to obtain high thermal performance and low impacts.

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“…They concluded that alkali-activated binders using waste materials provide reliable mechanical properties in harsh environments compared to conventional concrete. Several researchers also examined the mechanical properties of alkali-activated binders, including CS capacity [13][14][15], modulus of elasticity (MoE) [16], permeability and porosity, acid, sulfate resistance [17,18], and autogenous, drying shrinkage, and thermal resistance [19]. It has been shown that, in general, AAC exhibits better bond performance with steel reinforcement and better strength performance after exposure to elevated temperatures than OPCC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Mechanical and Environmental Properties of Engineered Alkali-Activated Green Mortar

2020

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Currently, alkali-activated binders using industrial wastes are considered an environmentally friendly alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC), which contributes to addressing the high levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and enlarging embodied energy (EE). Concretes produced from industrial wastes have shown promising environmentally-friendly features with appropriate strength and durability. From this perspective, the compressive strength (CS), CO2 emissions, and EE of four industrial powder waste materials, including fly ash (FA), palm oil fly ash (POFA), waste ceramic powder (WCP), and granulated blast-furnace slag (GBFS), were investigated as replacements for OPC. Forty-two engineered alkali-activated mix (AAM) designs with different percentages of the above-mentioned waste materials were experimentally investigated to evaluate the effect of each binder mass percentage on 28-day CS. Additionally, the effects of each industrial powder waste material on SiO2, CaO, and Al2O3 contents were investigated. The results confirm that adding FA to the samples caused a reduction of less than 26% in CS, whereas the replacement of GBFS by different levels of POFA significantly affected the compressive strength of specimens. The results also show that the AAM designs with a high volume FA provided the lowest EE and CO2 emission levels compared to other mix designs. Empirical equations were also proposed to estimate the CS, CO2 emissions, and EE of AAM designs according to their binder mass compositions.

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Fabrication and engineering properties of concretes based on geopolymers/alkali-activated binders - A review

Cited by 167 publications

References 137 publications

Protective Geopolymer Coatings Containing Multi-Componential Precursors: Preparation and Basic Properties Characterization

Protective Geopolymer Coatings Containing Multi-Componential Precursors: Preparation and Basic Properties Characterization

Fibre-Reinforced Geopolymer Concretes for Sensible Heat Thermal Energy Storage: Simulations and Environmental Impact

Evaluation of Mechanical and Environmental Properties of Engineered Alkali-Activated Green Mortar

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