Eyewitness memory distortion following co-witness discussion: A replication of Garry, French, Kinzett, and Mori (2008) in ten countries.

Itoh, Hiroshi; Barzykowski, Krystian; Grzesik, M.; Gülgöz, Sami̇; Gürdere, Ceren; Janssen, Steve M. J.; Khor, Jessie; Rowthorn, Harriet; Wade, Kimberley A.; Luna, Karlos; Albuquerque, Pedro Barbas; Kumar, Deepak; Singh, Arman Deep; Cecconello, William Weber; Cadavid, Sara; Laird, Nicole C.; Baldassari, Mario J.; Lindsay, D. Stephen; Mori, Koichi

doi:10.1037/h0101833

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…As in the study by Garry et al (2008), the subjects will watch a silent film of duration 6 min and 34 s. It shows an electrician ("Eric") who is repairing various household appliances whilst stealing a few other items. The two versions of this movie were created by Takarangi et al (2006); they are identical except for eight critical details (see (Ito et al, 2019).…”

Section: Manipulation Of Overlapping Rivalrous Images (Mori)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As for the ANOVA that replicates the main memory conformity effect, the calculation of the required sample size may be based on existing results (Ito et al, 2019). In research conducted by Ito et al (2019), the same procedure on a Polish sample was used as that planned in the proposed study. Ito et al (2019) obtained Hedges g = 1.92.…”

Section: Power and Sample Size Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that over 86% of people who witness a crime discuss the incident with other witnesses (Paterson & Kemp, 2006). In the context of memory conformity, this means that the incorrect information (misinformation) provided by another person makes a witness' testimony irrelevant (e.g., Garry et al, 2008; Ito et al, 2019; Monds et al, 2019) and thus may contribute to a wrongful conviction or acquittal (Garrett, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MORI technique is often applied in research into memory conformity (e.g., French et al, 2008, 2011; Garry et al, 2008; Hirokawa et al, 2006; Ito et al, 2019; Mori & Kitabayashi, 2009; Mori & Mori, 2008; Mori & Takahashi, 2012; Tainaka et al, 2014) because, unlike other experimental procedures, it significantly reduces the risk that subjects will suspect manipulation, especially when they disagree on some details. Furthermore, the MORI technique brings laboratory conditions closer to real‐life situations in which witnesses talk about a crime and are then individually interviewed by the police.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is your memory better than mine? Investigating the mechanisms and determinants of the memory conformity effect using a modified MORI technique

Kękuś

Polczyk

Itô

et al. 2021

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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Summary The paper presents the memory conformity effect phenomenon, which assumes that information about the same event that a witness acquires from another witness (misinformation) is incorporated into the first witness' memory of the event (original information). The study has two goals: (1) to verify the existence of people with the memory conformity effect who are aware of discrepancy between original information and misinformation; (2) to determine why they choose misinformation despite the correctness of their own memories. In addition, we examine the relationship between susceptibility to social influence, compliance, suggestibility and memory conformity. Importantly, these relationships will be analyzed in interaction with awareness of discrepancy, which has not yet been examined in previous studies. More precisely, we will apply a new research approach to further investigate the causes of memory conformity. To this end, we will specifically analyze participants' awareness of discrepancies between the details of an observed event and the misinformation presented by another witness. In order to examine the memory conformity effect, we will use the MORI technique, which ensures high ecological validity. The two members of each pair of participants will sit next to each other and each will not be aware that the other watched a different version of the same event. Then, the participants will answer related questions and discuss the contradictory details. Subsequently, the subjects will complete an individual recognition test. Importantly, after the main part of the study (i.e., the MORI procedure), participants will be explicitly informed about the different versions of the event and they will be asked to complete awareness of discrepancy questionnaires. This will allow us to further examine the driving forces underlying the memory conformity effect. We expect the study's results to expand the knowledge on the mechanisms and determinants of the strength of the memory conformity effect and to contribute to the development of effective techniques that reduce the effect of this phenomenon.

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Section: Manipulation Of Overlapping Rivalrous Images (Mori)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Power and Sample Size Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Is your memory better than mine? Investigating the mechanisms and determinants of the memory conformity effect using a modified MORI technique

Kękuś

Polczyk

Itô

et al. 2021

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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“…Later, they are tested individually. Data collection is ongoing, but behaviour in this setting appears to be similar to behaviour in prior studies conducted with pairs of subjects interacting face to face in real life (e.g., Gabbert et al, 2003; Ito et al, 2019).…”

Section: Ways To Conduct Large-n Studies With Rich Social Contextsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Eyewitness identification can be studied in social contexts online with large samples in multi-lab collaborations.

Lindsay

Mah

2021

Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition

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Is your memory better than mine? Investigating the mechanisms and determinants of the memory conformity effect using a modified MORI technique

Kękuś,

Polczyk,

Ito

et al. 2024

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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The paper presents the memory conformity effect phenomenon, which involves the inclusion in memory accounts concerning a particular event (original information) of incorrect information (misinformation) that a witness has obtained as a result of another witness's account of the same event. The research had two goals: (1) to verify the existence of individuals who yield to misinformation yet are aware of discrepancy between the original information and the misinformation; (2) to determine why these individuals choose misinformation despite the correctness of their own memories. In addition, we examined the relationship between susceptibility to social influence, compliance, suggestibility and memory conformity in interaction with awareness of discrepancy. In order to examine the memory conformity effect, we used the MORI technique, which ensures high ecological validity. In this technique, the two members of each pair of participants sit next to each other and each are not aware that the other is watching a different version of the same event. Then, the participants answer related questions and discuss the contradictory details. Subsequently, the subjects complete an individual memory test. Importantly, after the main part of the study (i.e., the MORI procedure), participants were explicitly informed about the different versions of the event, and they were asked to complete awareness of discrepancy questionnaires. It was shown that awareness of the discrepancy between the original information and the misinformation reduced succumbing to misinformation. However, it was demonstrated that, despite being aware of discrepancies, 21.4% participants still succumbed to the misinformation. It was also shown that the main reason for participants being misinformed despite being aware of the discrepancy was distrust of their own memory.

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Eyewitness memory distortion following co-witness discussion: A replication of Garry, French, Kinzett, and Mori (2008) in ten countries.

Abstract: How to cite:Please refer to published version for the most recent bibliographic citation information. If a published version is known of, the repository item page linked to above, will contain details on accessing it.

Cited by 13 publications

References 35 publications

Is your memory better than mine? Investigating the mechanisms and determinants of the memory conformity effect using a modified MORI technique

Is your memory better than mine? Investigating the mechanisms and determinants of the memory conformity effect using a modified MORI technique

Eyewitness identification can be studied in social contexts online with large samples in multi-lab collaborations.

Is your memory better than mine? Investigating the mechanisms and determinants of the memory conformity effect using a modified MORI technique

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