Eyewitness memory.

Steblay, Nancy K.

doi:10.1037/14462-007

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 161 publications

(242 reference statements)

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“…A large body of research has documented the factors that can affect the accuracy of eyewitness memory and identification (Clark & Godfrey, 2009; Deffenbacher, Bornstein, Penrod, & McGorty, 2004; Loftus, Loftus, & Messo, 1987; Meissner & Brigham, 2001; Osborne & Davies, 2014; Steblay, 2015; Wells & Olson, 2003). Wells (1978) was the first to make an important distinction between how estimator and system variables can impact eyewitness accuracy.…”

Section: Eyewitness Misidentificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Victims’ Race and Sex Leads to Eyewitness Misidentification of Perpetrator’s Phenotypic Stereotypicality

Davies

Hutchinson

Osborne

et al. 2016

Social Psychological and Personality Science

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Eyewitness misidentification is the primary cause of wrongful convictions in North America. Discovering a discernible pattern to these errors is a critical step toward creating procedures that reduce the occurrence of these tragic mistakes. To these ends, we hypothesized that both the victims’ race and the victims’ sex may impact eyewitness identification for perpetrators of certain crime types. In two experiments, we demonstrated that a Black male drive-by shooter’s level of phenotypic stereotypicality is accurately identified by eyewitnesses only when the victims are Black males. Specifically, when eyewitnesses believe the victims are White or female, the drive-by shooter’s level of Black phenotypic stereotypicality is falsely elevated. In contrast, when a Black male perpetrator is suspected of committing a stereotypically non-Black crime (i.e., serial killing), the perpetrator’s level of phenotypic stereotypicality is accurately identified regardless of the victims’ race or sex.

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Section: Eyewitness Misidentificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Victims’ Race and Sex Leads to Eyewitness Misidentification of Perpetrator’s Phenotypic Stereotypicality

Davies

Hutchinson

Osborne

et al. 2016

Social Psychological and Personality Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Eyewitness memory has been a topic of intensive study within psychology (Semmler and Brewer 2010;Steblay 2015), with increasing recognition that memory for criminal events may be malleable (see Frenda et al 2011) and altered according to emotion-based variables (Yuille and Tollestrup 2014). In particular, extensive research since the 1970s has focused on the extent to which misleading information can distort subsequent recall (see Loftus 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Misremembering Events: Emotional Valence, Psychopathic Traits, and the Misinformation Effect

Peace

Constantin

2015

J Police Crim Psych

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Past research has demonstrated increased susceptibility to misinformation under varying conditions, including negative emotional scenes. In addition, psychopathic traits have been associated with emotional deficits which may lead to differences in memory processing. The present study examined emotional valence and psychopathic traits in relation to the misinformation effect. Participants (n = 334) were exposed to emotional scenes (positive, neutral, negative), completed a measure of psychopathic traits (PPI-R), and were asked either misleading or nonleading questions. Accuracy and susceptibility to misinformation were assessed through a series of open-ended questions and accuracy scoring. Accuracy was highest for both emotional (60%) relative to neutral (53.9%) images. Memory differences in recall of negative versus positive scenes was evidenced dependent on attentional focus. Participants in the misled condition were less accurate in their recall overall, and recalled more misleading information (41.18% relative to 14.16%). In addition, individuals who received misleading suggestions were more likely to incorporate the major misleading detail into their memory for the negative scene. Psychopathic traits were not related to accuracy; however, those high in psychopathic traits tended to incorporate more misinformation into memory. Our results have important implications concerning how individuals remember emotional events, including people high in psychopathic traits, and follow up studies considering attention/motivation and misinformation are required.

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Eyewitness memory.

Cited by 2 publications

References 161 publications

Victims’ Race and Sex Leads to Eyewitness Misidentification of Perpetrator’s Phenotypic Stereotypicality

Victims’ Race and Sex Leads to Eyewitness Misidentification of Perpetrator’s Phenotypic Stereotypicality

Misremembering Events: Emotional Valence, Psychopathic Traits, and the Misinformation Effect

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