2019
DOI: 10.1177/1558944719837657
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Abstract: Background: Methotrexate (MTX) is widely used as an immunosuppressant, chemotherapeutic, and abortifacient agent. It is also a potent teratogen, and intentional or unintentional exposure during pregnancy is associated with heterogeneous birth anomalies. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a cohort of patients who presented to our clinic with limb anomalies in the setting of MTX embryopathy. Results: In our case series, we describe 7 cases of patients who had limb anomalies with heterogeneous functionality, fr… Show more

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Cited by 5 publications
(6 citation statements)
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“…In our study, there was no significant association between the therapy administered before and during pregnancy with adverse outcomes. The recent recommendation has contraindicated the use of methotrexate and leflunomide therapies during the 3 month preconception period and throughout gestation, not only in women but also in men with RA, even though there is not sufficient data to prove the teratogen effect in a rheumatology practice [ 26 , 37 ]. Our results showed that four out of five patients treated with MTX or LEF had adverse outcomes, particularly spontaneous abortion and one case of stillbirth under methotrexate.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In our study, there was no significant association between the therapy administered before and during pregnancy with adverse outcomes. The recent recommendation has contraindicated the use of methotrexate and leflunomide therapies during the 3 month preconception period and throughout gestation, not only in women but also in men with RA, even though there is not sufficient data to prove the teratogen effect in a rheumatology practice [ 26 , 37 ]. Our results showed that four out of five patients treated with MTX or LEF had adverse outcomes, particularly spontaneous abortion and one case of stillbirth under methotrexate.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…► Concomitant drugs: In order to terminate a pregnancy, MTX is often combined with the teratogen misoprostol. [10][11][12][13][14][15] If pregnancy continues and results in a malformed infant, the malformation may be caused by MTX, misoprostol or both. In summary, MTX is not the cause for all malformations in offspring with intrauterine MTX exposure.…”
Section: Unanswered Questionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Fetal methotrexate syndrome was an embryopathy with craniofacial, cardiac, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, genitourinary and musculoskeletal anomalies. A minor incidence of congenital malformations due to the administration of methotrexate during the last two trimesters of pregnancy was observed, consequently, its use is contraindicated during pregnancy [41,42].…”
Section: Methotrexatementioning
confidence: 99%