“…This allowed the linear systems whose solution is required by Newton's method to be solved economically by matrix-free iterative methods, which in turn allowed steady states in large systems (O(10 5 )-O(10 7 ) degrees of freedom) to be computed. This method, called Stokes preconditioning, was applied to calculate bifurcation diagrams in spherical Couette flow by Mamun & Tuckerman [2], convection in Cartesian [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12], cylindrical [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] and spherical [20][21][22][23][24] geometries by researchers such as Xin, Chenier, Henry, and Feudel, to von Kármán flow [25][26][27] by Daube, Nore, and Le Quéré and to Bose-Einstein condensation [28,29] by Huepe, Brachet and co-workers…”