Extreme autotomy and whole-body regeneration in photosynthetic sea slugs

Mitoh, Sayaka; Yusa, Yoichi

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.01.014

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…What has been suggested from early reports on platelet cytokines suggests these moieties can initiate morphogenetic processes normally seen during evolutionary development [53]. Indeed, recent observations in two species of sacoglossan snail (gastropoda) have demonstrated extreme regeneration, wherein a severed head was able to regrow an entire new body within approximately 20d [54]. Unless a parallel process can be discovered to achieve limited postnatal replenishment of the human oocyte pool, reliance on IVF with donor oocytes will continue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appraisal of Experimental Methods to Manage Menopause and Infertility: Intraovarian Platelet-Rich Plasma vs. Condensed Platelet-Derived Cytokines

Sills

Wood

2021

Medicina

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The first published description of intraovarian platelet-rich plasma (PRP) appeared in mid-2016, when a new experimental technique was successfully used in adult human ovaries to correct the reduced fertility potential accompanying advanced maternal age. Considering the potential therapeutic scope of intraovarian PRP would likely cover both menopause and infertility, the mainstream response has ranged from skeptical disbelief to welcome astonishment. Indeed, reports of intraovarian PRP leading to restored menses in menopause (as an alternative to conventional hormone replacement therapy) and healthy term livebirths for infertility patients (from IVF or as unassisted conceptions) continue to draw notice. Yet, any proper criticism of ovarian PRP applications will be difficult to rebut given the heterogenous patient screening, varied sample preparations, wide differences in platelet incubation and activation protocols, surgical/anesthesia techniques, and delivery methods. Notwithstanding these aspects, no adverse events have thus far been reported and ovarian PRP appears well tolerated by patients. Here, early studies guiding the transition of ‘ovarian rejuvenation’ from experimental to clinical are outlined, with mechanisms to explain results observed in both veterinary and human ovarian PRP research. Current and future challenges for intraovarian cytokine treatment are also discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appraisal of Experimental Methods to Manage Menopause and Infertility: Intraovarian Platelet-Rich Plasma vs. Condensed Platelet-Derived Cytokines

Sills

Wood

2021

Medicina

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“…The Earth potentially contains one trillion species, each specializing in incredible feats of technology, as listed in Table I. Science is yet to ascertain how birds and fishes discovered they could utilize the Earth's magnetic field to determine direction, how ants and other species realize that the weather is going to turn rough, how plants and bacteria designed seeds and spores which allow them to survive for centuries, how slugs achieved self decapitation [22], how clams realized that calcium could be utilized to create a shell, how cone snails discovered that fish could be sent into hypoglycemic shock using insulin [23], what kind of a decision process allowed whales to evolve such a huge body full of cells that coordinate so well, how creatures developed eusocial behavior, how insects learnt to make sense of visual inputs from multi-faceted ommatidium, how the green-banded broodsac learnt to manipulate behavior in hosts [24], how a snake evolved a tail that looked like a spider, to lure birds [25], how the Warnowiid dinoflagellate acquired what appears to be an eye with a lens, how the Macropinna microstoma evolved a transparent head that protects its eyes [26], how snails created chemicals that constitute the slime which helps them move (and other snails that create metal armour from iron-rich environments [27]), how the Tardigrade used the Dsup protein in its DNA to protect the DNA from radiation (Dsup when applied on human cells also suppresses X-ray damage by 40% [28]). The entire body of an organism adapts to fulfill the special ability it possesses, and it is interesting to note that no organism appears to possess the capability of integrating multiple such special abilities.…”

Section: B Life On Earthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facts and Anomalies to Keep in Perspective When Designing an Artificial Intelligence

Ipe¹

2021

Preprint

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The design of any artificial intelligence is an interdisciplinary pursuit that requires keeping within perspective, the various properties of matter and life in the known universe, while remaining cautious of biases and misconceptions that arise from the limitations of prior learning, available tools and sensory capabilities. This paper curates a vast collection of human knowledge gathered during the process of exploring and questioning the fundamentals of why the mechanisms that constitute life were built in specific ways, and re-questioning those facts using anomalies that sometimes contradict or expose errors in human assumptions of life and intelligence. A meta-analysis of such knowledge at a single glance also helps identify interesting patterns in various phenomena that can in-time, spur creative solutions, alter the direction of research, assist with intelligent inferences and hopefully result in the identification and creation of artificial intelligence.<br>

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“…What has been suggested from early reports on platelet cytokines suggests these moieties can initiate morphogenetic processes normally seen during evolutionary development [53]. Of note, recent observations in two species of sacoglossan snail (gastropoda) have demonstrated extreme regeneration wherein a severed head was able to regrow an entire new body within approximately 20 days [54]. Unless a parallel process can be discovered to achieve limited postnatal replenishment of the human oocyte pool, reliance on IVF with donor oocytes will continue.…”

Section: Preprints (Wwwpreprintsorg) | Not Peer-reviewed | Posted: 18 November 2021mentioning

confidence: 99%

Appraisal of Experimental Methods to Manage Menopause and Infertility: Intraovarian Platelet-Rich Plasma vs. Condensed Platelet-Derived Cytokines

Sills¹,

Wood²

2021

Preprint

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The first published description of intraovarian platelet-rich plasma (PRP) appeared in mid-2016, when a new experimental technique was successfully used in adult human ovaries to correct the reduced fertility potential accompanying advanced maternal age. Considering the potential therapeutic scope of intraovarian activated PRP and/or condensed platelet cytokines would likely cover both menopause treatment and infertility, the mainstream response has ranged from skeptical disbelief to welcome astonishment. Indeed, reports of restored menses in menopause (as an alternative to conventional hormone replacement therapy) and healthy term livebirths for infertility patients (either with IVF or as unassisted conceptions) after intraovarian PRP injection continue to draw notice. Yet any proper criticism of ovarian PRP applications will be difficult to rebut given the heterogenous patient screening, varied sample preparations, wide differences in platelet incubation and activation protocols, surgical/anesthesia techniques, and delivery methods. Notwithstanding these features, no adverse events have been reported thus far and ovarian PRP appears well tolerated by patients. Here, early research guiding the transition of ‘ovarian rejuvenation’ from experimental to clinical is outlined. Likely mechanisms are presented to explain results observed in both veterinary and human ovarian PRP research. Current and future challenges for intraovarian cytokine treatment are also discussed.

show abstract

Extreme autotomy and whole-body regeneration in photosynthetic sea slugs

Cited by 22 publications

References 8 publications

Appraisal of Experimental Methods to Manage Menopause and Infertility: Intraovarian Platelet-Rich Plasma vs. Condensed Platelet-Derived Cytokines

Appraisal of Experimental Methods to Manage Menopause and Infertility: Intraovarian Platelet-Rich Plasma vs. Condensed Platelet-Derived Cytokines

Facts and Anomalies to Keep in Perspective When Designing an Artificial Intelligence

Appraisal of Experimental Methods to Manage Menopause and Infertility: Intraovarian Platelet-Rich Plasma vs. Condensed Platelet-Derived Cytokines

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