Extracts Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of Potential Immunomodulatory Activities of the Moss Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw.

Abstract

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the chemistry and biological potential of mosses, since a large number of biologically active compounds have been found within these species. This study aimed at examining the chemical composition and immunomodulatory potential (antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-neuroinflammatory/antineurodegenerative, and antitumor activities) of moss Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. extracts. Corresponding extracts have been obtained applying Soxhlet extractor. The chemical characterization was performed using spectrophotometric assays and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The extracts were analyzed for antioxidant activity and for inhibitory activities on α-glucosidase, α-amylase, acetylcholinesterase, and tyrosinase. Additionally, extracts were tested against four cell lines—MRC-5, BV2, HCT-116, and MDA-MB-231—for antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities. Chemical analysis of extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and triterpenoids. Major compounds identified by LC-MS in H. cupressiforme were kaempferol and five phenolic acids: p-hydroxybenzoic, protocatechuic, p-coumaric, gallic, and caffeic acid. According to biochemical assays the investigated extracts exhibited significant immunomodulatory potential. Significant antiproliferative potential against MDA-MB-231 cells has been observed together with the promising anti-neuroinflammatory application. The obtained data suggest that moss H. cupressiforme is a valuable natural source of biologically active compounds with potential application in the pharmaceutical industry.

Can Biomarkers Respond Upon Freshwater Pollution?—A Moss-Bag Approach

“…The available literature on the chemical content of Fontinalis antipyretica is scarce. Comparison with TPC (6.25–18.21 mg/g) of the terrestrial moss Hypnum cupressiforme from low mountain area in Serbia [ 34 ] showed higher TPC in the aquatic moss from the background station. The TPC decreased in the moss over exposure period in all selected reservoirs, while antioxidant activity had no clear trend of gradual decrease in polluted aquatic environment.…”

Chemical characterization and in vitro immunomodulatory effects of different extracts of moss Hedwigia ciliata (Hedw.) P. Beauv. from the Vršačke Planine Mts., Serbia

“…The samples were dried by lyophilisation method to constant weight, and then powdered and weighed (Mass 1). According to previous studies [4,14] moss chemical composition have shown a wide range of various polar and non-polar active compounds, thus solvent properties will significantly be influenced on the chemical composition of their extract. Therefore, three typesof different polarity solvents and corresponding mixture have been used for moss extraction: 96% ethanol, water:ethanol (50:50, vol%), and ethyl acetate.…”

“…Secondary metabolites represent a large group of biologically active compounds that are synthesized as a plant defense mechanism against various microorganisms, insects, herbivores, and different extreme of environmental conditions, as well as for UV protection [11,12]. Some of the currently identified secondary moss metabolites belong to a group of compounds such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and terpenoids [4,13] which have been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antibacterial effects PLOS ONE [1,4,14,15]. Flavonoid glycosides such as apigenin and luteolinhave already been confirmed in H. ciliata [16][17][18].…”

Phytochemical and Bioactivity Analysis of Several Methanolic Extracts of Nine Bryophytes Species

“…The IC50 value of M. polymorpha was found as 42,7 µg/mL and 93,25 µg/mL for A. californica extracts (Figure 1). Studies on anti-diabetic activity from bryophytes are very limited [36]. This is the first report on the DPP-4 inhibitory activity of the M. polymorpha and A. californica.…”

“…Therefore, studies have been focused on discovering the natural DPP-4 inhibitors as alternative treatments for NIDDM [35]. Mosses are rich in phenolic compounds [36]. Many studies have shown the presence of DPP-4 inhibitory activity in many phenolic-rich extracts [37][38][39][40].…”