Extraction of intermediate and low-rank coals with supercritical toluene

Reactions at supercritical conditions: Applications and fundamentals

“…They desired to make the coal suitable for use as a fuel in existing coal-fired utility boilers. Cahill et al (1989) reported that S-containing fragments were easier to extract in SC toluene than were O-containing fragments. Li and Egiebor (1992) compared the efficacy of SC water and toluene for oxygen removal from coal.…”

Sequential Extraction and Thermal Dissolution of Baiyinhua Lignite in Isometric CS2/Acetone and Toluene/Methanol Binary Solvents

“…The yields of SP 1 , SP 2 , SP 1′ , and SP 2′ are 4.08, 13.83, 17.60, and 1.55%, respectively, whereas the yield of SP ITM is 30.32%, which is also substantially higher than the total SP yield in sequential individual solvents, regardless of the solvent sequence. Previous studies demonstrated that low liquid yields were obtained during coal TD in toluene, even with the temperature higher than 400 °C. , During extraction and TD, a synergic effect arising between two or more solvent possibly produces a higher yield of extract or SP than the total yield of the extracts or SPs from individual solvents. Therefore, the results from this work suggest that there exists obvious synergic effects between both CS 2 and acetone during the extraction of BL and toluene and methanol during the TD of ER ICA .…”

“…Previous studies demonstrated that low liquid yields were obtained during coal TD in toluene, even with the temperature higher than 400 °C. 17,18 During extraction and TD, a synergic effect arising between two or more solvent possibly produces a higher yield of extract or SP than the total yield of the extracts or SPs from individual solvents. Therefore, the results from this work suggest that there exists obvious synergic effects between both CS 2 and acetone during the extraction of BL and toluene and methanol during the TD of ER ICA .…”

Optical Properties of Supercritical Toluene Extraction Residues Obtained from Turkish Coals

“…Because of these properties, supercritical gas extraction is a promising route for the production of liquid fuels and chemical feedstocks from coal. The conversion and properties of thc extraction products are known to depend on coal rank (Cahill et al, 1989), on the solvent used, and on the process conditions (Blessing & Ross, 1977;Amestica & Wolf, 1984;Kershaw & Overbeek, 1984;Kershaw & Bagnell, 1987;Kershaw, 1989).…”