Extraction and Preconcentration of Some Triazole Pesticides in Grape Juice by Salting Out Homogeneous Liquid–Liquid Extraction in a Narrow-Bore Tube Prior to Their Determination by Gas Chromatography–Flame Ionization Detection

Farajzadeh, Mir Ali; Sheykhizadeh, Saheleh; Khorram, Parisa

doi:10.1007/s12161-013-9737-y

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The pH of sample plays an important role in UA‐DLLME. Since triazoles were easily hydrolyzed at highly acidic or alkaline pH , the target analytes can be better extracted by extraction solvent when sample solution was at weakly acidic or alkaline pH. Hence, the effect of sample pH was evaluated in the range of 4.0–9.0 using 1 M solutions of HCl or NaOH to adjust the pH in this research.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace determination of five triazole fungicide residues in traditional Chinese medicine samples by dispersive solid‐phase extraction combined with ultrasound‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and UHPLC–MS/MS

Yuan

Zhao

et al. 2017

J of Separation Science

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A novel and reliable method for determination of five triazole fungicide residues (triadimenol, tebuconazole, diniconazole, flutriafol, and hexaconazol) in traditional Chinese medicine samples was developed using dispersive solid-phase extraction combined with ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction before ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The clean up of the extract was conducted using dispersive solid-phase extraction by directly adding sorbents into the extraction solution, followed by shaking and centrifugation. After that, a mixture of 400 μL trichloromethane (extraction solvent) and 0.5 mL of the above supernatant was injected rapidly into water for the dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure. The factors affecting the extraction efficiency were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration curves showed good linearity in the range of 2.0-400 (tebuconazole, diniconazole, and hexaconazole) and 4.0-800 ng/g (triadimenol and flutriafol) with the regression coefficients higher than 0.9958. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for the present method were 0.5-1.1 and 1.8-4.0 ng/g, respectively. The recoveries of the target analytes ranged from 80.2 to 103.2%. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the analysis of five triazole fungicides in traditional Chinese medicine samples, and satisfactory results were obtained.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace determination of five triazole fungicide residues in traditional Chinese medicine samples by dispersive solid‐phase extraction combined with ultrasound‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and UHPLC–MS/MS

Yuan

Zhao

et al. 2017

J of Separation Science

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“…Consequently, sample preparation is required. Up to now, several sample preparation methods have been developed for the extraction of TFs, which can be divided into adsorbent-based extraction − and solvent-based extraction. ,− …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace-Level Determination of Triazole Fungicides Using Effervescence-Assisted Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Based on Ternary Deep Eutectic Solvent Prior to High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

et al. 2023

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A simple and sensitive preconcentration method, namely, effervescence-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction based on the ternary deep eutectic solvent method, was developed for enrichment of triazole fungicide residues prior to their determination by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with UV detection. In this method, a ternary deep eutectic solvent (as extractant) was prepared by combination of octanoic acid, decanoic acid, and dodecanoic acid. The solution was well dispersed with sodium bicarbonate (as effervescence powder) without using auxiliary devices. In order to obtain relatively high extraction efficiency, analytical parameters were investigated and optimized. Under optimum conditions, the proposed method showed good linearity within the range of 1–1000 μg L–1 with a coefficient for determination (R 2) greater than 0.997. The low limits of detection (LODs) were in the range of 0.3–1.0 μg L–1. The precisions were assessed from the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of retention time and peak area obtained from intra- (n = 3) and inter-day (n = 5 × 5) experiments, which were greater than 1.21 and 4.79%, respectively. Moreover, the proposed method provided high enrichment factors ranging from 112 to 142 folds. A matrix-match calibration method was used for analysis of real samples. Finally, the developed method was successfully applied for determination of the triazole fungicide in environmental water (near agricultural area), honey, and bean samples, and it represents a promising alternative method for analysis of triazoles. The recoveries of the studied triazoles were obtained in the range of 82–106% with an RSD less than 4.89.

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“…Chromatographic methods such as liquid chromatography [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ] and gas chromatography [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ] have been used for the simultaneous analysis of triazole fungicides. Due to the trace levels of triazole fungicides in complex matrices, some preconcentration/extraction procedures are necessary prior to instrumental analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The advancement of sample-preparation methods has mainly promoted their simplification, miniaturization (reduction in the amounts of sample and extraction solvent), and environmental friendliness (use of an alternative extraction solvent) [ 4 ]. Recently, miniaturized techniques have been advanced to enrich triazoles in various matrices, such as ultrasonic-assisted dispersive solid-phase extraction (UA-DSPE) [ 16 ], magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) [ 6 ], homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction based on salting out (SHLLE) [ 14 ], vortex-assisted ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (VA-IL-DLLME) [ 9 ], aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) [ 17 ], and microsolid-phase extraction [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An In Situ Formation of Ionic Liquid for Enrichment of Triazole Fungicides in Food Applications Followed by HPLC Determination

et al. 2022

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An in situ formation of ionic liquid was used for preconcentration of four triazole fungicides in food samples. The microextraction method was used for the first time in the literature for preconcentration of triazole fungicides. In the developed method, tributylhexadecylphosphonium bromide ([P44412]Br) and potassium hexafluorophosphate (KPF6) were used for the formation of hydrophobic ionic liquid. After centrifugation, the fine microdroplets were produced in one step, providing the extraction step in a quick and environmentally friendly manner. The functional group of the hydrophobic ionic liquid was investigated using FT-IR. Various extraction parameters were studied and optimized. In the extraction method, 0.01 g of [P44412]Br and 0.01 g of KPF6, centrifugation at 4500 rpm for 10 min were used. The optimized technique provided a good linear range (90–1000 g L−1) and high extraction recovery, with a low limit of detection (30–50 g L−1). Methods for the proposed in situ formation of ionic liquid were successfully applied to honey, fruit juice, and egg matrices. The recoveries were obtained in a satisfactory range of 62–112%. The results confirmed the suitability of the proposed microextraction method for selective extraction and quantification of triazole fungicides.

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Extraction and Preconcentration of Some Triazole Pesticides in Grape Juice by Salting Out Homogeneous Liquid–Liquid Extraction in a Narrow-Bore Tube Prior to Their Determination by Gas Chromatography–Flame Ionization Detection

Cited by 16 publications

References 34 publications

Trace determination of five triazole fungicide residues in traditional Chinese medicine samples by dispersive solid‐phase extraction combined with ultrasound‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and UHPLC–MS/MS

Trace determination of five triazole fungicide residues in traditional Chinese medicine samples by dispersive solid‐phase extraction combined with ultrasound‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and UHPLC–MS/MS

Trace-Level Determination of Triazole Fungicides Using Effervescence-Assisted Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Based on Ternary Deep Eutectic Solvent Prior to High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

An In Situ Formation of Ionic Liquid for Enrichment of Triazole Fungicides in Food Applications Followed by HPLC Determination

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